编译|未玖

Science, 20 NOV 2025, VOL 390, ISSUE 6775

《科学》2025年11月20日，第390卷，6775期

物理学Physics

Realization of a Rydberg-dressed extended Bose-Hubbard model

里德堡修饰助力扩展玻色-哈伯德模型

▲ 作者：PASCAL WECKESSER, KRITSANA SRAKAEW, TIZIAN BLATZ, DAVID WEI, DANIEL ADLER, SUCHITA AGRAWAL, ET AL.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq7082

▲摘要：

量子多体系统中不同长度尺度的竞争导致了关联动力学和非局域有序等现象。为了在一个基于晶格的巡回量子模拟器中研究这种效应，学界提出使用里德堡态的非谐振光学耦合来引入可调谐的扩展相互作用，称为里德堡修饰。

在这项工作中，研究组使用这种方法实现了一个有效的一维扩展玻色-哈伯德模型。利用自研量子气体显微镜，探测了扩展范围排斥性束缚对和“硬棒”结构的非平衡关联动力学。

相比之下，在接近平衡时，当绝热开启扩展相互作用时，研究组观察到密度有序现象。该研究结果为实现光控扩展相互作用的量子多体系统奠定了基础。

▲ Abstract：

The competition of different length scales in quantum many-body systems leads to phenomena such as correlated dynamics and nonlocal order. To investigate such effects in an itinerant lattice-based quantum simulator, it has been proposed to introduce tunable extended-range interactions using off-resonant optical coupling to Rydberg states, known as Rydberg dressing. In this work, we use this approach to realize an effective one-dimensional extended Bose-Hubbard model. Harnessing our quantum gas microscope, we probe the correlated out-of-equilibrium dynamics of extended-range repulsively bound pairs and “hard rods.” By contrast, operating near equilibrium, we observe density ordering when adiabatically turning on the extended-range interactions. Our results pave the way to realizing light-controlled extended-range interacting quantum many-body systems.

材料科学Materials Science

Atomic layer bonding contacts in two-dimensional semiconductors

二维半导体中的原子层键合接触

▲ 作者：LI GAO, ZHANGYI CHEN, ZHENGHUI FANG, SHUCAO LU, XIAOFU WEI, HE JIANG, ET AL.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz2405

▲摘要：

二维半导体与金属之间的范德华接触由于带耦合弱、键强度低，始终逊于半导体工业中使用的共价键接触。

研究组通过在过渡金属二硫化物的过渡金属原子层与金属间构建金属相干键合界面，报道了具有强带耦合和高界面内聚力的原子层键合（ALB）接触。这种接触构型表现出超低的接触电阻和杰出的热机械稳定性，可与共价键接触相媲美，并超越了所有已报道的接触构型。

在单层二硫化钼和金体系中形成的ALB接触显示出70欧姆-微米的接触电阻和高达400℃的热机械稳定性，高温退火后的最大导通电流为1.1毫安/微米，所有这些都符合工业集成的需求。

▲ Abstract：

Van der Waals contact between two-dimensional semiconductors and metals has always been inferior to covalent bond contacts used in semiconductor industry because of weak band coupling and low bond strength. Here, we report an atomic layer bonding (ALB) contact with strong band coupling and high interfacial cohesion by establishing a metallic coherent bonding interface between the transition-metal atomic layer of transition-metal dichalcogenides and metals. This contact exhibits ultralow contact resistance and superb thermomechanical stability, comparable to those of covalent bond contacts and surpassing all reported contact configurations. ALB contact formed in monolayer molybdenum disulfide and gold demonstrates a contact resistance of 70 ohm-micrometers and thermomechanical stability up to 400°C and delivers a maximum on-current of 1.1 milliamperes per micrometer after high-temperature annealing, all of which meet industrial integration.

Increasing the dimensionality of transistors with hydrogels

用水凝胶拓展晶体管的维度

▲ 作者：DINGYAO LIU, JING BAI, XINYU TIAN, YAN WANG, BINBIN CUI, SHILEI DAI, ET AL.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx4514

▲摘要：

晶体管是现代电子学的基础，传统上为刚性、平面和二维（2D）结构，这限制了其与生物系统的柔软、不规则的和三维（3D）性质的集成。

研究组报道了一种3D半导体，集成了有机电子学、软物质和电化学技术。这些3D半导体以水凝胶的形式实现了毫米级的调控厚度，同时实现了组织般的柔软性和生物相容性。调控厚度的这一突破通过模板化的双网络水凝胶系统实现，其中次级多孔水凝胶引导初级氧化还原活性导电水凝胶的3D组装。

研究组证明了这些3D半导体能够独家制造模拟真实神经元连接的3D空间互穿晶体管。这项工作弥合了2D电子学和3D生命系统之间的差距，为生物混合传感和神经形态计算等高级生物电子系统开辟了途径。

▲ Abstract：

Transistors, fundamental to modern electronics, are traditionally rigid, planar, and two-dimensional (2D), limiting their integration with the soft, irregular, and three-dimensional (3D) nature of biological systems. Here, we report 3D semiconductors, integrating organic electronics, soft matter, and electrochemistry. These 3D semiconductors, in the form of hydrogels, realize millimeter-scale modulation thickness while achieving tissue-like softness and biocompatibility. This breakthrough in modulation thickness is enabled by a templated double-network hydrogel system, where a secondary porous hydrogel guides the 3D assembly of a primary redox-active conducting hydrogel. We demonstrate that these 3D semiconductors enable the exclusive fabrication of 3D spatially interpenetrated transistors that mimic real neuronal connections. This work bridges the gap between 2D electronics and 3D living systems, paving the way for advanced bioelectronics systems such as biohybrid sensing and neuromorphic computing.

A cross-linked molecular contact for stable operation of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳能电池稳定运行的交联分子接触

▲ 作者：BOXUE ZHANG, JUNSHENG LUO, HAOMIAO YIN, QING LI, SIQI SUN, NINGXUAN ZHANG, ET AL.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady6874

▲摘要：

单片钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳能电池超越了单结太阳能电池的功率转换效率极限，但在运行稳定性方面仍存在挑战。

研究组确定在最先进叠层电池结构中，填充因子减少是一种关键的性能损失模式。他们发现，广泛使用的空穴选择性分子接触可提高串联电池的性能，但会经历热降解，从而破坏电荷传输。在高温下，由于热致失序，传统单体接触的电阻将增加约六倍。

为了稳定界面结构，研究组引入了基于席夫碱键的原位合成交联分子接触。使用该技术的一平方厘米钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳能电池的功率转换效率超过34%（经认证为33.61%），三组独立器件在65℃、AM1.5G光照、最大功率点运行约1200小时后，仍可保持初始性能的96.2±1.7%。

▲ Abstract：

Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells surpass the power-conversion efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells but face challenges in operational stability. We identified fill factor diminution as a key performance-loss mode in the state-of-the-art tandem architecture. We reveal that widely used hole-selective molecular contacts, which enhance tandem cell performance, undergo thermal degradation that undermines charge transport. At elevated temperatures, the resistance of conventional monomeric contacts increases by about sixfold because of thermal-induced disorder. To stabilize interfacial structures, we introduce in situ synthesized cross-linked molecular contacts based on Schiff base linkages. One-square-centimeter perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells achieved power-conversion efficiencies exceeding 34% (33.61% certified), and three independent devices retained 96.2 ± 1.7% of their initial performance after about 1200-hour maximum power point operation under AM1.5G illumination at 65°C.

化学Chemistry

An anion-binding approach to enantioselective photoredox catalysis

阴离子结合法助力对映选择性光氧化还原催化

▲ 作者：PETRA VOJáKOVá AND ERIC N. JACOBSEN

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz3362

▲摘要：

光氧化还原催化已成为合成化学中的一种变革性策略，通过生成高活性的自由基中间体，可实现各种有价值的化学反应。

手性反阴离子与阳离子自由基中间体配对为控制各种反应性环境下的绝对立体化学提供了一种潜在通用的工具。然而，离子对效应对光诱导过程效率和自由基离子对反应性的影响严重限制了可有效参与的手性阴离子范围。

研究组报道了中性手性小分子氢键供体与阳离子自由基中间体的反阴离子结合，可通过离子对和其他非共价相互作用来实现对映选择性。将该策略应用于富电子烯烃底物的四类不同的环加成反应，成功制备了具有高达99%对映体过量的四个新手性中心的环状产物。

▲ Abstract：

Photoredox catalysis has emerged as a transformative strategy in synthetic chemistry, enabling a wide variety of valuable chemical reactions through generation of highly reactive radical ion intermediates. Pairing chiral counteranions with cation radical intermediates provides a potentially generalizable tool for controlling absolute stereochemistry in various reactivity contexts. However, ion-pairing effects on the efficiency of photoinduced processes and the reactivity of radical ion pairs impose severe limits on the chiral anions that can be engaged effectively. In this study, we report that association of neutral chiral small-molecule hydrogen-bond donors with the counteranions of cation radical intermediates can achieve enantioselectivity through ion-pairing and other noncovalent interactions. Applications to four different classes of cycloaddition reactions of electron-rich alkene substrates provide cyclic products with up to four new stereocenters in up to 99% enantiomeric excess.

地球科学Earth Science

The Moon-forming impactor Theia originated from the inner Solar System

形成月球的撞击物忒伊亚起源于太阳系内部

▲ 作者：TIMO HOPP, NICOLAS DAUPHAS, MAUD BOYET, SETH A. JACOBSON AND THORSTEN KLEINE

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado0623

▲摘要：

月球由一颗名为“忒伊亚”的行星体与原始地球的巨大撞击形成。目前尚不清楚忒伊亚是在太阳系内部还是外部形成的。

研究组测量了月球样品、陆地岩石和陨石（代表忒伊亚和原始地球可能形成时的同位素库）中的铁同位素组成。地球和月球的铁同位素组成与质量无关，难以区分；两者都定义了陨石测量范围的一端。

将该结果与其他元素的分析结果结合，研究组对忒伊亚和原始地球进行了质量平衡计算。结果发现忒伊亚的全部物质和地球上的大部分其他组成物质都来自太阳系内部。该计算结果表明，忒伊亚可能形成于比地球更靠近太阳的位置。

▲ Abstract：

The Moon formed from a giant impact of a planetary body, called Theia, with proto-Earth. It is unknown whether Theia formed in the inner or outer Solar System. We measured iron isotopes in lunar samples, terrestrial rocks, and meteorites representing the isotopic reservoirs from which Theia and proto-Earth might have formed. Earth and the Moon have indistinguishable mass-independent iron isotopic compositions; both define one end of the range measured in meteorites. Combining our results with those for other elements, we performed mass balance calculations for Theia and proto-Earth. We found that all of Theia and most of Earth’s other constituent materials originated from the inner Solar System. Our calculations suggest that Theia might have formed closer to the Sun than Earth did.