编译｜冯维维

SCIENCE, 16 APR 2026, VOLUME 392, ISSUE 6795

《科学》2026年4月16日，第392卷，6795期

地球科学Geoscience

Late Miocene Colorado River arrival in the Bidahochi basin supports spillover origin of Grand Canyon

科罗拉多河晚中新世抵达比达霍奇盆地，支持大峡谷的溢流起源假说

▲ 作者：JOHN J. Y. HE, RYAN S. CROW, JOHN DOUGLASS, CHRISTOPHER S. HOLM-DENOMA, JORGE A. VAZQUEZ, BRIAN F. GOOTEE, MARSHA I. LIDZBARSKI, LAURA S. PIANOWSKI, HARRISON GRAY, AND SHANNON DULIN

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz6826

▲摘要：

科罗拉多河并非一直流经大峡谷地区，这种关系何时以及如何开始尚不清楚。研究者采集了大峡谷上游和下游地层中数千颗锆石晶体的铀—铅年龄数据。

这些年龄模式揭示了科罗拉多河沉积物的“指纹”，表明该河在660万年前已汇入上游的一个湖泊，随后与大峡谷及其下游流域整合。这种直接的连接可能通过多种过程的共同作用发生，但锆石数据为争议已久的“湖泊溢流”假说提供了支持。

▲ Abstract：

The Colorado River has not always flowed through the Grand Canyon area, and it is not known when and how that relationship began. He et al. collected uranium-lead ages for thousands of zircon crystals in formations located upstream and downstream of the canyon. Age patterns revealed a “fingerprint” of Colorado River sediment suggesting its arrival into an upstream lake by 6.6 million years ago and its subsequent integration with the Grand Canyon and downstream catchment. The direct connection may have happened through a combination of processes, but the zircon data give support to a long-debated “lake spillover” hypothesis.

Agroseismology and the impact of farming practices on soil hydrodynamics

农业地震学与耕作实践对土壤水动力的影响

▲ 作者：QIBIN SHI, DAVID R. MONTGOMERY, ABIGAIL L. S. SWANN, NICOLETA C. CRISTEA, ETHAN F. WILLIAMS, NAN YOU, SIMON JEFFERY, JOE COLLINS, ANA PRADA BARRIO, AND MARINE A. DENOLLE

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec0970

▲摘要：

耕作实践对土壤健康的影响通常通过直接采样或卫星与航空遥感来测量，但这两种方法都难以很好地转化到田间尺度。研究者通过将分布式声学传感应用于一个实验农场，缩小了这一尺度差距。

他们利用光纤电缆以米级分辨率探测由土壤湿润和干燥引起的地震波速变化。这些分钟级的观测结果与一个水力学模型进行了对比，以理解不同耕作实践下的物理过程。饱和度估算表明，由于机械作用破坏了土壤孔隙的连接性，更深层的耕作会导致排水变慢、蒸发增加。

▲ Abstract：

The effects of farming practices on soil health are typically measured by direct sampling or satellite and airborne sensing, with neither translating well to field scale. Shi et al. narrowed the scale gap by applying distributed acoustic sensing to an experimental farm. Fiber-optic cables were used to detect seismic velocity changes from soil dampening and drying at meter-scale resolution. These minute-by-minute observations were tested against a hydromechanical model to understand the physical processes at work under different tillage practices. Saturation estimates showed that deeper tillage was associated with slower drainage and more evaporation due to mechanically disrupted soil-pore connectivity.

物理学Physics

Super-nano domains enable strength-conductivity synergy in copper foils

纳米域实现铜箔强度与导电性的协同提升

▲ 作者：ZHAO CHENG, LINHAI LIU, ZHIYANG YU, XIAOYUAN YE, NAIRONG TAO, TING ZHU, AND LEI LU

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aed7758

▲摘要：

虽然有许多方法可以提升金属的单项性能，但在铜材中同时实现超高抗拉强度、高延展性、高电导率和高热稳定性是一项挑战，因为这些性能往往相互排斥。

研究者发现，加入有机添加剂可以稳定形成一种具有周期性分布的超纳米域的层状微结构。这种10微米厚的铜箔可通过工业可扩展的电沉积工艺制备，因此在制造锂离子电池和集成电路用铜箔方面具有广阔的应用前景。

▲ Abstract：

Although there are many ways to enhance individual properties in a metal, achieving a combination of ultrahigh tensile strength, high ductility, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability in copper is a challenge because these properties are often mutually exclusive. Cheng et al. showed that the incorporation of organic additives can lead to the stabilization of a layered microstructural architecture that features periodically distributed super-nano domains. The 10-micrometer-thick foils are produced through an industrially scalable electrodeposition process, which thus holds substantial promise for making foils for lithium-ion batteries and integrated circuits.

Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903

红矮星LHS 1903的四行星系统中发生了贫气体行星形成过程

▲ 作者：THOMAS G. WILSON, ANNA M. SIMPSON, ANDREW COLLIER CAMERON, RYAN CLOUTIER, VARDAN ADIBEKYAN, ANCY ANNA JOHN, YANN ALIBERT, MANU STALPORT, JO ANN EGGER, AND CARL ZIEGLER, etc.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl2348

▲摘要：

中等大小的系外行星半径呈现双峰分布，岩质超级地球和富气亚海王星之间被一个半径谷隔开。这种二分性的成因尚不清楚：可能是由恒星活动导致的不同程度大气逃逸所致，也可能反映了行星形成过程中不同的环境条件。

研究者发现并刻画了四颗围绕一颗红矮星运行的行星。这些行星的性质跨越了同一恒星系统内的半径谷。最外侧的行星是岩质的，但无法用大气逃逸来解释，因此它必然是在原行星盘的贫气体区域形成的。

▲ Abstract：

The radii of midsized exoplanets show a bimodal distribution, with rocky super-Earths and gas-rich sub-Neptunes separated by a radius valley. The origin of this dichotomy is unclear: It could be due to different levels of atmospheric loss driven by stellar activity or it might reflect different conditions during the planet formation process. Wilson et al. identified and characterized four exoplanets orbiting a red dwarf star. Their properties span the radius valley within a single system. The outermost planet is rocky but cannot be explained by atmospheric loss, so it must have formed in a gas-poor region of the protoplanetary disk.

生命科学Life Science

B lymphocyte protein factories produced by hematopoietic stem cell gene editing

通过造血干细胞基因编辑产生的B淋巴细胞“蛋白工厂”

▲ 作者：HARALD HARTWEGER, CHIARA RUPRECHT, KAI-HUI YAO, PHILIPPE LAFFONT, GABRIELLA LIMA, PENGCHENG ZHOU, THOMAS H?GGL?F, LAURINE BINET, MAXIMILIAN LOEWE, AND MICHEL C. NUSSENZWEIG

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz8994

▲摘要：

经工程改造的B细胞有潜力在体内递送治疗性抗体或其他蛋白。研究者对造血干细胞和祖细胞进行了基因修饰，使其携带编码特定抗体的基因。将这些细胞移植到小鼠体内后，造血干细胞和祖细胞发育为B细胞，这些B细胞能对疫苗产生应答，并产生治疗剂量的抗体。

这些B细胞经历了一定程度的体细胞高频突变——该过程会使它们产生的抗体多样化。此外，移植两群分别修饰以产生不同抗体的造血干细胞和祖细胞，为递送广谱中和抗体提供了另一种解决方案。通过修饰造血干细胞和祖细胞，使其分化为能同时产生荧光蛋白和抗体的B细胞，这表明该方法也可用于递送其他类型的蛋白治疗药物。

▲ Abstract：

Engineered B cells have the potential to deliver therapeutic antibodies or other proteins within the body. Hartweger et al. modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with genes encoding specific antibodies (see the Perspective by James and Zhang). When transferred into mice, the HSPCs developed into B cells that responded to vaccination and produced therapeutic quantities of antibodies. The B cells underwent some somatic hypermutation, a process that diversifies the antibodies that they produce. However, transferring two populations of HSPCs, each modified to make a different antibody, provided an alternative solution for delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies. HSPCs could be modified so that they differentiated into B cells that produced a fluorescent protein alongside an antibody, suggesting that this approach may also be leveraged to deliver other types of protein therapeutics.

Stem cell control in the lung by an autocrine injury-activated Igf complex

肺中由自分泌损伤激活的Igf复合物调控干细胞

▲ 作者：YUE ZHANG, YOUCEF OUADAH, YIN LIU, MAYA E. KUMAR , MAKENNA M. MORCK, AND MARK A. KRASNOW

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt1310

▲摘要：

干细胞在组织损伤后会迅速激活以进行修复，但其调控信号与机制尚不明确。研究者发现蛋白Igf2是关键增殖信号。干细胞虽能产生Igf2，但同时表达的Igf结合蛋白会将其保持失活状态。

损伤使Igf2释放，激活其受体并抑制肿瘤抑制蛋白Rb——后者通常维持干细胞的静息状态。Rb缺失会导致生长失控。因此，除了经典的激素功能外，Igf还通过与Igf结合蛋白及Rb的局部相互作用，调控干细胞的激活与肿瘤的发生。

▲ Abstract：

Stem cells are rapidly activated for tissue repair after injury, but the regulatory signals and mechanisms remain obscure. Zhang et al. identified the protein Igf2 as the key proliferative signal. Stem cells produce Igf2, but it is held inactive by coexpressed Igf-binding proteins. Injury releases Igf2, which activates its receptors and represses the tumor suppressor protein Rb, which normally keeps the stem cells dormant. Rb loss causes uncontrolled growth. Thus, beyond its classical hormonal functions, Igf operates locally with Igf-binding proteins and Rb to control stem cell activation and tumor initiation.