Nature, 2 April 2026, Volume 652 Issue 8108 

《自然》2026年4月2日，第652卷，8108期         

物理学Physics   

Long-lived remote ion–ion entanglement for scalable quantum repeaters 用于可扩展量子中继器的长寿命远程离子—离子纠缠    

▲ 作者：Wen-Zhao Liu, Ya-Bin Zhou et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10177-4 

▲摘要：研究者在通过10公里盘绕光纤连接的两个节点之间，演示了超越平均纠缠建立时间的存储器—存储器纠缠。这一成果得益于长寿命囚禁离子存储器的研发、高效的通信波段接口以及高可见度单光子纠缠协议。

作为应用展示，研究者报告了原理验证性的设备无关量子密钥分发演示，在10公里距离上进行了有限长度分析，并在渐近极限下于101公里距离上实现了正密钥率，两者均比此前研究结果高出两个数量级以上。该研究为量子中继器提供了关键组件，标志着向可扩展量子网络迈出了重要一步。

▲ Abstract： Here we demonstrate memory–memory entanglement between two nodes connected by 10?km of spooled fibre surviving beyond the average entanglement establishment time. This is enabled by the development of long-lived trapped-ion memories, an efficient telecom interface and a high-visibility single-photon entanglement protocol. As an application, we report a proof-of-principle device-independent quantum key distribution demonstration with finite-size analysis over 10?km and a positive key rate over 101?km in the asymptotic limit, with both distances exceeding previous work by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Our work provides a critical building block for quantum repeaters and marks an important step towards scalable quantum networks.    

Entanglement and electronic coherence in attosecond molecular photoionization 

阿秒分子光电离中的纠缠与电子相干性    

▲ 作者：L.-M. Koll, A. J. Su?er-Rubio et al. 

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10230-2 

▲摘要：研究者通过组合使用一对相位锁定的孤立阿秒激光脉冲与一个少周期近红外激光脉冲，对氢分子进行电离实验与理论计算。研究者发现，解离过程中的H2+离子的电子相干性受到离子—光电子纠缠的影响。

通过调控两个阿秒脉冲之间的延时、以及它们与少周期近红外脉冲的延时，实现了对纠缠程度的实验控制。这项研究展示了在阿秒实验中，恰当考虑量子纠缠的作用对于最优观测电子相干性至关重要。

 ▲ Abstract： Here we present experiments and calculations in which hydrogen molecules are ionized by the combination of a phase-locked pair of isolated attosecond laser pulses and a few-cycle near-infrared (NIR) laser pulse. The electronic coherence in the dissociating H2+ ion is influenced by ion–photoelectron entanglement. We demonstrate experimental control over the degree of entanglement by varying the delay between the two attosecond pulses and the delay between these pulses and the few-cycle NIR pulse. Our work demonstrates the importance of proper consideration of the role of quantum entanglement for the optimal observation of electronic coherences in attosecond experiments.    

化学Chemistry   

Markovnikov hydroamination of terminal alkenes by phosphine redox catalysis 

膦氧化还原催化末端烯烃的马尔可夫尼科夫氢胺化反应    

▲ 作者：Flora Fan, Kassandra F. Sedillo, Alexander J. Maertens & Abigail G. Doyle 

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10263-7 

▲摘要：研究者展示了一种膦—光氧化还原催化剂体系，可促进未活化末端烯烃与多种N-H唑类化合物的分子间马氏规则氢胺化反应，这是后期过渡金属催化难以实现的转化。

实验与计算机理研究揭示了主族元素催化中一个新的基元步骤：膦自由基阳离子活化烯烃，进而被唑类化合物亲核胺化——这一步骤通常与过渡金属催化相关。鉴于亲核烯烃官能团化在过渡金属催化中的广泛应用，这种PIV机制为主族元素催化和化学合成提供了新机遇。 

▲ Abstract： Here we describe a phosphine–photoredox catalyst system that promotes intermolecular Markovnikov hydroamination of unactivated terminal alkenes with numerous classes of N–H azoles, a reaction that is not possible with late transition metal catalysis. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies support a new elementary step for main-group catalysis, in which a phosphine radical cation activates the alkene to nucleophilic amination by the azole, a step otherwise associated with transition metals. Given the broad value of nucleophilic alkene functionalization in transition metal catalysis, this PIV mechanism could offer new opportunities for main-group element catalysis and chemical synthesis.    

Substantial aircraft contrail formation at low soot emission levels 

低烟尘排放水平下仍可形成大量飞机凝结尾迹    

▲ 作者：Christiane Voigt, Raphael M?rkl et al. 

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10286-0 

▲ 摘要： 在此，研究者表明与传统富油—淬熄—贫油发动机相比，稀薄燃烧可将烟尘颗粒数量排放降低三个数量级——但并未显著减少挥发性颗粒或凝结尾冰冰晶数量，两者均可超过每千克燃料燃烧产生101?个颗粒。这些发现源于对搭载稀薄燃烧发动机的空客A321neo飞机的飞行后观测，为部分实验室研究提供了真实环境验证，并缩小了理论预期的范围。 

研究结果表明，仅靠所测试的贫燃发动机配置难以减少凝结尾迹的增温效应，可能需要结合燃料成分调整与润滑油通风系统改造。研究者证实，在低烟尘排放条件下，使用低硫燃料可减少凝结尾冰冰晶数量，而有机燃料组分和润滑油蒸气则会增加冰晶数量。未来研究应探索除烟尘外，挥发性颗粒的减少如何影响凝结尾冰形成。

▲ Abstract： Here we show that lean-burn combustion reduces soot particle number emissions by three orders of magnitude compared with conventional rich–quench–lean engines—but does not significantly decrease volatile particles or contrail ice crystal numbers—both can exceed 1015 particles per kg of burned fuel. Our findings arise from in-flight observations behind an A321neo aircraft with lean-burn engines, thus providing real-world confirmation of some laboratory work and narrowing the range of theoretical expectations. Our results indicate that the tested lean-burn engine configurations alone are unlikely to reduce the warming effect of contrails, suggesting that modifications of fuel composition and lubrication oil venting architecture may be required. We show that contrail ice particle numbers in the low-soot regime can be reduced by using low-sulfur fuels and that organic fuel constituents and lubrication oil vapours can increase contrail ice particle numbers. Future research should explore how reductions in volatile particles, apart from soot, affect contrail ice formation.    

社会科学Social Sciences   

Investigating the reproducibility of the social and behavioural sciences 

调查社会科学与行为科学的可重复性    

▲ 作者：Olivia Miske, Anna Lou Abatayo et al. 

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10203-5 

▲摘要：研究者对2009年至2018年间发表在62种社会科学与行为科学期刊上的600篇论文进行分层随机抽样，评估其可重复性。其中144篇（24.0%，95%置信区间为20.8%—27.6%）论文的作者提供了用于评估可重复性的数据，另有38篇获取了源数据以重建数据集。

在182个可用数据集中评估了143个后发现：经每篇论文的551项声明按声明数量进行逆权重加权后，76.6篇（53.6%，95%置信区间为45.8%—60.7%）被评为精确可重复，105.0篇（73.5%，95%置信区间为66.4%—80.0%）被评为至少近似可重复（原始效应值在15%以内，或原始P值在0.05以内）。

政治学和经济学期刊论文较其他领域相比表现出更高重复性，同时较近期发表的论文相比以前的论文、要求数据共享的期刊论文相比没有数据共享的论文，都表现出更高的可重复性。为支持知识生产这一复杂事业的可信度，有必要实施验证研究可重复性的相关措施。

▲ Abstract： Here we assess reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences. The authors of 144 (24.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI)?=?20.8–27.6%) papers made data available to assess reproducibility and, for 38 others, we obtained source data to reconstruct the dataset. We assessed 143 out of the 182 available datasets and found that 76.6 (53.6%, 95% CI?=?45.8–60.7%) papers were rated as precisely reproducible and 105.0 (73.5%, 95% CI?=?66.4–80.0%) were rated as at least approximately reproducible (within 15% of the original effects or within 0.05 of original P values) after inverse weighting each of the 551 claims by the number of claims per paper. We observed higher reproducibility for papers from political science and economics compared with other fields, for more recent papers compared with older papers and for papers from journals that require data sharing. Implementation of measures to verify that research is reproducible is needed to support trustworthiness in the complex enterprise of knowledge production.    

生物学Biology   

Months-long stability of the head-direction system 

头部方向系统持续数月的稳定性    

▲ 作者：Sofia Skromne Carrasco, Guillaume Viejo & Adrien Peyrache 

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10096-w 

▲摘要：研究者通过纵向追踪自由活动小鼠后下托中同一批头部方向细胞的活动，揭示了该系统的稳定性与可塑性两个层面的特征。尽管群体结构在不同环境及时间维度上保持高度保守，但群体相干性的细微变化编码了环境身份信息。

此外，头部方向系统在其内部表征与外部地标之间建立了独特的、环境特异性的空间校准，这种校准在单次暴露后即可持续数周。这些发现表明，头部方向系统能够形成锚定于特定环境的长期定向记忆。

▲ Abstract： Here, by longitudinally tracking the activity of the same HD cells in the post-subiculum of freely moving mice, we show stability and plasticity at two levels. Although the population structure remained highly conserved across environments and over time, subtle shifts in population coherence encoded environment identity. In addition, the HD system established a distinct, environment-specific alignment between its internal representation and external landmarks, which persisted for weeks, even after a single exposure. These findings suggest that the HD system forms long-lasting orientation memories that are anchored to specific environments.