论文标题：Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia

期刊：Nature Communications

作者：Michal Feldman, Eva Fernández-Domínguez, Luke Reynolds, Douglas Baird, Jessica Pearson, Israel Hershkovitz, Hila May, Nigel Goring-Morris, Marion Benz, Julia Gresky, Raffaela A. Bianco, Andrew Fairbairn, Gökhan Mustafao?lu, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Cosimo Posth, Wolfgang Haak, Choongwon Jeong, Johannes Krause

发表时间：2019/03/19

数字识别码： 10.1038/s41467-019-09209-7

原文链接：http://t.cn/ExkIc3T

微信链接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/8l1dSsF87DbPsoxIIFPe0Q

《自然-通讯》本周发表的一篇论文Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia报告了生活在15000年前的安纳托利亚狩猎采集者的首个全基因组数据。研究结果有助于认识安纳托利亚中部的农业起源——安纳托利亚中部曾是新月沃土（Fertile Crescent）之外一些最早农耕族群的所在地。

图1: 位置、年代及研究个体的主成分分析。图源：Feldman等

农业在公元前10000-9000年左右起源于亚洲西南部的新月沃土，随后传播至欧亚大陆西部，并于公元前8300年左右抵达安纳托利亚中部（位于现今土耳其）。然而，研究人员尚不清楚这类耕作究竟是邻近地区古代农民迁徙的结果，或是本地狩猎采集者自己开始从事农耕。

图2：古代安纳托利亚人群间亲缘关系的差异。图源：Feldman等

德国马克斯•普朗克人类历史学研究所的Johannes Krause和同事对一名安纳托利亚狩猎采集者、五名新石器时代早期的安纳托利亚农民以及两名新石器时代早期的黎凡特南部农民进行了基因组数据分析，这样得到的遗传记录覆盖了该地区的整个农业诞生地。

作者发现，新石器时代的安纳托利亚人群有一大部分血统来自狩猎采集者，表明安纳托利亚中部的首批农民起源于本土。作者还发现，这一人群与早期伊朗/高加索人、黎凡特人以及欧洲南部人群存在遗传联系，进一步描绘了古代基因与技术交流的复杂历史。根据这些发现，作者认为，安纳托利亚不仅只是早期农民从新月沃土向欧洲迁移的一处落脚点，也是本地狩猎采集者获得想法、植物和技术，并最终形成农业生计的地方。

摘要：Anatolia was home to some of the earliest farming communities. It has been long debated whether a migration of farming groups introduced agriculture to central Anatolia. Here, we report the first genome-wide data from a 15,000-year-old Anatolian hunter-gatherer and from seven Anatolian and Levantine early farmers. We find high genetic continuity (~80–90%) between the hunter-gatherers and early farmers of Anatolia and detect two distinct incoming ancestries: an early Iranian/Caucasus related one and a later one linked to the ancient Levant. Finally, we observe a genetic link between southern Europe and the Near East predating 15,000 years ago. Our results suggest a limited role of human migration in the emergence of agriculture in central Anatolia.

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（来源：科学网）