论文标题：Circulating glucose levels inversely correlate with Drosophila larval feeding through insulin signaling and SLC5A11

期刊：Communications Biology

作者：Rupali Ugrankar, Pano Theodoropoulos, Fatih Akdemir, W. Mike Henne & Jonathan M. Graff

发表时间：2018/08/13

数字识别码：10.1038/s42003-018-0109-4

原文链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-018-0109-4?utm_source=Other_website&utm_medium=Website_links&utm_content=RenLi-Nature-Communications_Biology-Molecular_Biology_and_Genetics-China&utm_campaign=NEWCOMMS_USG_JRCN_RL_sciencenet_SLC5A11_4th_Aug

据世界卫生组织统计，目前全球已有近十分之一的人口患有2型糖尿病，此情况已经达到大流行性病的水平，给各国政府带来了严重的医疗和经济负担。2型糖尿病和多种慢性病，比如肥胖或高血压的并发明显增加了疾病治疗和管理的难度。

正常人会针对高血糖释放胰岛素来增加身体对葡萄糖的吸收。但是糖尿病人会有胰岛素抵抗，即细胞对胰岛素的反应减少，所以需要身体释放更多的胰岛素来刺激葡萄糖的吸收。到了最后，当身体不再对胰岛素有反应，高血糖的状态会持续，然后渗透作用会导致过多的水分进入血液，所以病人会有高血压、口渴、多尿等症状。虽然前期和早期2型糖尿病人会多食，但是晚期2型糖尿病人则会消瘦和乏力。

虽然科学家们很早就已经有哺乳动物会用血糖水平控制胃口的设想，但是其机理一直不详。在《通讯-生物学》发表的一项研究Circulating glucose levels inversely correlate with Drosophila larval feeding through insulin signaling and SLC5A11 中，以Jonathan M. Graff 为首的德克萨斯大学西南医学中心的团队用果蝇做模型动物研究了这个问题。

用果蝇来研究糖尿病已是惯例。比起大小鼠，研究果蝇有许多优势：生命周期短（21天），样本量大，饲养和管理划算，基因操作简单并可以同时研究多个突变。本篇文章的研究对象是变形之前的果蝇幼虫，因为这个阶段的的幼虫行为统一，只有进食。

Graff博士的团队发现，有高血糖的幼虫不想进食。他们发现，果蝇的能量主要来源是海藻糖，而葡萄糖主要是用来控制身体机制，比如进食。这和葡萄糖在人体内又提供能源又有控制机制的作用有所不同。

由于以前的研究已经发现SLC5A11能控制饥饿，本文中Graff博士的团队则研究了SLC5A11在糖尿病的范围内的作用。他们发现胰岛素和SLC5A11有可能参加葡萄糖控制的进食。这有可能解释2型糖尿病人在晚期的消瘦：那时严重的胰岛素抵抗导致并加重高血糖，而高血糖减少胃口，因此病人只好以分解体内的脂肪来获取能量，便导致了迅速的消瘦。

作者们希望他们的研究能够推进对进化论里保守的机制，比如对饥饿和进食控制的研究。由于控制胃口对肥胖和糖尿病的恶化至关重要，这项研究有望帮助针对慢性病的管理。

摘要：In mammals, blood glucose levels likely play a role in appetite regulation yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain opaque. Mechanisms can often be explored from Drosophila genetic approaches. To determine if circulating sugars might be involved in Drosophilafeeding behaviors, we scored hemolymph glucose and trehalose, and food ingestion in larvae subjected to various diets, genetic mutations, or RNAi. We found that larvae with glucose elevations, hyperglycemia, have an aversion to feeding; however, trehalose levels do not track with feeding behavior. We further discovered that insulins and SLC5A11 may participate in glucose-regulated feeding. To see if food aversion might be an appropriate screening method for hyperglycemia candidates, we developed a food aversion screen to score larvae with abnormal feeding for glucose. We found that many feeding defective larvae have glucose elevations. These findings highlight intriguing roles for glucose in fly biology as a potential cue and regulator of appetite.

阅读论文全文请访问：https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-018-0109-4?utm_source=Other_website&utm_medium=Website_links&utm_content=RenLi-Nature-Communications_Biology-Molecular_Biology_and_Genetics-China&utm_campaign=NEWCOMMS_USG_JRCN_RL_sciencenet_SLC5A11_4th_Aug

期刊介绍：Communications Biology is an open access journal from Nature Research publishing high-quality research, reviews and commentary in all areas of the biological sciences. Research papers published by the journal represent significant advances bringing new biological insight to a specialized area of research.

来源：科学网