Science,7 MAY 2026,VOLUME 392, ISSUE 6798

《科学》，2026年5月7日，第392卷，6798期

植物生物多样性

Plant Biodiversity

High risk of extinction across the flowering plant tree of life

开花植物生命树面临高灭绝风险

▲ 作者：FéLIX FOREST, RUTH BROWN, SVEN BUERKI, JONATHAN F. COLVILLE, JUSTIN MOAT, EIMEAR NIC LUGHADHA, NISHA R. OWEN, DOMITILLA C. RAIMONDO, MALIN RIVERS, AND MATILDA J. M. BROWN, etc.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz0773

▲摘要：

植物在全球生物多样性评估中基本缺席，这种分类学上的不平衡几十年来一直阻碍着对植物的保护。

研究者为所有开花植物（被子植物）物种构建了一棵生命树，并提供了其灭绝风险评估，这是对其受威胁进化历史的全球评估。

他们估计，21.2%的被子植物进化历史面临灭绝风险，并确定了9945个优先物种。这些物种不成比例地占据了受威胁的进化历史总量。

这些优先排序有助于纠正植物与动物之间的不平衡，监测保护成效，并在人类对生物多样性的压力日益增加的情况下优化资源分配。

▲ Abstract：

Plants are largely absent from global biodiversity assessments, resulting in a taxonomic imbalance that has undermined their conservation for decades. We present a tree of life and extinction risk estimates for all species of flowering plants (angiosperms), representing a global assessment of their threatened evolutionary history. We estimate that 21.2% of angiosperm evolutionary history is at risk of extinction and identify 9945 priority species that disproportionately account for total threatened evolutionary history. These prioritizations serve to redress imbalances between plants and animals, monitor conservation effectiveness, and optimize resource allocation in the face of increasing human pressures on biodiversity.

Climate-induced range shifts support local plant diversity but don’t reduce extinction risk

气候诱导的分布区范围变化支持了当地植物多样性，但并未降低灭绝风险

▲ 作者：JUNNA WANG, BRUNNO F. OLIVEIRA, FRANCES C. MOORE, DANIEL J. KOZAR, YONGSHUO FU, AND XIAOLI DONG

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea1676

▲摘要：

气候变化和其他大规模的全球性变化正在增加许多物种的灭绝风险，研究者利用物种分布模型，预测了超过6万种植物在气候变化影响下的分布区范围变化。

他们发现，在不同的排放情景下，到2100年，这些物种中有7%至16%将面临高灭绝风险。

考虑到人类对植物生产力和多样性的依赖程度，研究揭示了不加遏制的人为全球变化所带来的巨大风险。

▲ Abstract：

Climate change and other massive global changes are increasing the risk of extinction for many species. Wang et al. used species distribution models to predict range shifts in response to climate change for more than 60,000 plant species. They found that 7 to 16% of these species will be at high extinction risk by 2100 across emissions scenarios. Considering the extent to which people depend on the productivity and diversity of plants, this study show what is at stake from uncurbed anthropogenic global change.

物理学

Physics

A molecule with half-Möbius topology

具有半莫比乌斯拓扑结构的分子

▲ 作者：IGOR , FABIAN PASCHKE, YUEZE GAO, LEONARD-ALEXANDER LIESKE, LENE A. GöDDE, STEFANO BARISON, SAMUELE PICCINELLI, ALBERTO BAIARDI, IVANO TAVERNELLI, AND LEO GROS, etc.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea3321

▲摘要：

C₁₃Cl₂形成一个具有奇特电子结构的应变碳环。这种非平面单重态只有绕环体系四圈后才呈现周期性，这与半莫比乌斯拓扑结构相符。

研究者在氯化钠表面上通过脱氯反应合成了该分子，并利用扫描隧道显微镜绘制了其螺旋轨道电子密度分布。

他们还能够在这两种具有相反扭转方向的半莫比乌斯单重态与平面且拓扑平庸的三重态之间可逆地切换拓扑结构。

▲ Abstract：

C₁₃Cl₂ forms a strained ring of carbon atoms with a curious electronic structure. The nonplanar singlet state is periodic only after four circulations of the ring system and is consistent with a half-Möbius topology.  et al. synthesized this molecule on a sodium chloride surface by dechlorinating a larger precursor and mapped the helical orbital densities using scanning tunneling microscopy. They could reversibly switch the topology between two singlets of oppositely threaded half-Möbius topology and the planar, topologically trivial triplet state.

Ferrimagnetism of ultracold fermions in a multiband Hubbard system

多带哈伯德体系中超冷费米子的亚铁磁性

▲ 作者：MARTIN LEBRAT, ANANT KALE, LEV HALDAR KENDRICK, MUQING XU, YOUQI GANG, ALEXANDER NIKOLAENKO, PIETRO M. BONETTI, SUBIR SACHDEV, AND MARKUS GREINER

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq241

▲摘要：

氧化铜超导体及其他强相互作用体系被认为可以用哈伯德模型来描述。

这一包含粒子跳跃和相互作用的模型，可以利用光晶格中的冷原子进行模拟。然而，要纳入多个能带——这对于准确描述相关物理至关重要，但却十分棘手。

研究者利用光学Lieb晶格中的费米子锂-6原子，对多带哈伯德模型进行了量子模拟。Lieb晶格可被视为氧化铜晶格的简化描述。由于构成Lieb晶格的两个子格具有不等数量的格点，该体系预期会表现出亚铁磁性。

研究者通过自旋的格点分辨测量观察到了这一现象。该方法为探索奇异物相，如kagome晶格中的量子自旋液体以及近藤模型中的重费米子行为，铺平了道路。

▲ Abstract：

Copper oxide superconductors and other strongly interacting systems are thought to be described by the Hubbard model. This model, which accounts for particle hopping and interactions, can be simulated using cold atoms in optical lattices. However, incorporating multiple energy bands, which is thought to be important for an accurate description of the physics, is tricky. Lebrat et al. performed the quantum simulation of a multiband Hubbard model using fermionic lithium-6 atoms in an optical Lieb lattice, which can be viewed as a simplified description of the copper oxide lattice. Because two the sublattices constituting the Lieb lattice have an unequal number of sites, this system is expected to exhibit ferrimagnetism, which the researchers observed through site-resolved measurements of spin.

生物化学

Biochemistry

Biocatalytic cascades enable manufacture of the macrocyclic peptide enlicitide

生物催化级联反应可实现大环肽恩利西肽的制备

▲ 作者：ARTIS KLAPARS, ANNA FRYSZKOWSKA, STEPHANIE GALANIE, OMER AD, ELLEN Y. AGUILERA, NNAMDI AKPORJI, CHIHUI AN, STEPHANUS AXNANDA, TEWODEROS M. AYELE , AND WENDY ZHONG, etc.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aed8713

▲摘要：

历史上，许多重要的治疗靶点仅能通过注射给药的生物制剂来靶向。

大环肽——例如用于治疗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素/kexin 9型抑制剂恩利西肽——正开始将这些靶点向口服疗法开放，从而使更多患者能够受益。

研究者报道了一种从简单构建块出发、通过汇聚式生物催化组装制备恩利西肽的方法。

方法依赖一套工程化酶，以无需保护基的方式催化选择性肽片段形成、连接和大环化。结合能够替代色谱纯化的高效结晶工艺，该方法相比现有最先进技术将合成步骤减少了一半以上，解决了长期存在的合成难题，并为复杂肽类治疗药物的可规模化、可持续开发提供了蓝图。

▲ Abstract：

Historically, many compelling therapeutic targets have been accessible only by injectable biologic drugs. Macrocyclic peptides, such as the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor enlicitide for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, are beginning to unlock these targets to orally administered therapies to enable broader patient access. We report the convergent biocatalytic assembly of enlicitide from simple building blocks enabled by a suite of engineered enzymes to catalyze selective peptide fragment formation, coupling, and macrocyclization in a protecting group–free manner. Together with efficient crystallizations that obviate the need for chromatography, this approach reduces the number of steps by greater than half compared with prior state-of-the-art methods, addressing long-standing synthetic challenges and offering a sustainable blueprint for the scalable development of complex peptide therapeutics.

地球物理学

Geophysics

Dynamic segmentation of the Sagaing fault

萨冈断层的动态分段特征

▲ 作者：MINGQI LIU, BINHAO WANG, SEZIM E. GUVERCIN, ZHEN LI, TENG WANG, CHUANJIN LIU, LINGYUN JI, AND SYLVAIN BARBOT

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady3237

▲摘要：

一般认为，大型走滑断层的滑动受结构边界（如显著弯曲或岩石类型变化）的限制。

对于结构相对简单的萨冈断层——该断层在2025年曼德勒7.7级地震中发生破裂——其分段性可能更具动态特征。研究则利用2025年破裂事件的卫星数据以及历史滑动速率，模拟了5000年尺度的地震周期。

他们发现，长期滑动速率的变化会影响地震的复发模式。对于萨冈断层或圣安德烈斯断层中部等体系而言，长期滑动速率可能是控制分段特征和破裂行为的重要因素。

研究突显了整合大地测量、地质和地震学观测资料对于改进地震危险性评估的重要价值。

▲ Abstract：

Slip along major strike-slip faults is thought to be limited by structural boundaries such as prominent bends or changes in rock type. For the less structurally complex Sagaing fault, which ruptured during the 2025 moment magnitude 7.7 Mandalay event, segmentation may be more dynamic. Liu et al. applied satellite data for the 2025 rupture and also historical slip rates to simulate earthquake cycles over 5000 years. They found that variations in long-term slip rate influenced the recurrence patterns of earthquakes. For systems such as the Sagaing or central San Andreas faults, long-term slip may be an important factor in segmentation and rupture. These results highlight the value of integrating geodetic, geological, and seismological observations to improve seismic hazard assessment.