物理Physics

▲ 作者：Hengyun Zhou, Chen Zhao et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09543-5

▲ 摘要：

研究展示了对于包括含魔术态输入和前馈的表面码在内的广谱量子纠错码，仅需恒定次数的校验提取轮次即可实现容错的逻辑门操作，从而达到'横向算法容错'的目标。

通过横向操作与关联解码新策略的结合，即使在仅能获取部分校验子信息的情况下，研究者仍能证明实际逻辑测量分布与理想情况的偏差可随码距呈指数级减小——即便因测量误差导致瞬时量子态无法逼近逻辑码字。

研究通过多组电路级仿真数据佐证了这一结论，验证了该方案的容错能力与优越性能。该研究为量子容错理论提供了新视角，有望将实用化容错量子计算的空间—时间成本降低一个数量级以上。

▲ Abstract：

Here we show that logical operations can be performed fault-tolerantly with only a constant number of extraction rounds for a broad class of quantum error correction codes, including the surface code with magic state inputs and feedforward, to achieve ‘transversal algorithmic fault tolerance’. Through the combination of transversal operations and new strategies for correlated decoding, despite only having access to partial syndrome information, we prove that the deviation from the ideal logical measurement distribution can be made exponentially small in the distance, even if the instantaneous quantum state cannot be made close to a logical codeword because of measurement errors. We supplement this proof with circuit-level simulations in a range of relevant settings, demonstrating the fault tolerance and competitive performance of our approach. Our work sheds new light on the theory of quantum fault tolerance and has the potential to reduce the space–time cost of practical fault-tolerant quantum computation by over an order of magnitude.

动物学Zoology

▲ 作者：Elynor Moore, Raquel T. de Sousa et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09431-y

▲ 摘要：

研究报告了一项将对全球粮食安全产生深远影响的蜜蜂营养学领域技术突破。该研究首先精确测定了蜜蜂组织中固醇类物质的含量与组成比例。通过这一信息，研究人员据此对产油酵母Yarrowia lipolytica进行基因改造，使其能合成蜜蜂所需的混合必需固醇，同时将这种工程酵母整合至营养全面的代用饲料。

食用该饲料的实验蜂群的育雏持续时间显著长于缺乏合适固醇的对照组。此项技术可将固醇补充剂有效融入花粉替代品，使蜂群在缺乏天然花粉的条件下仍能持续繁育后代。利用该酵母菌株研制的优化饲料还能缓解不同蜂种对自然花卉资源的竞争，有望遏制野生蜂种群数量下降的趋势。

▲ Abstract：

Here we describe a technological advance in honeybee nutrition with wide-reaching impacts on global food security. We first measured the quantity and proportion of sterols present in honeybee tissues. Using this information, we genetically engineered a strain of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce a mixture of essential sterols for bees and incorporated this yeast strain into an otherwise nutritionally complete diet. Colonies exclusively fed with this diet reared brood for significantly longer than those fed diets without suitable sterols. The use of this method to incorporate sterol supplements into pollen substitutes will enable honeybee colonies to produce brood in the absence of floral pollen. Optimized diets created using this yeast strain could also reduce competition between bee species for access to natural floral resources and stem the decline in wild bee populations.

▲ 作者：Y. Juvé, C. Lutrat et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09425-w

▲ 摘要：

该研究报告了伊比利亚收获蚁（Messor ibericus）的转变：同一蚁后能产下分属两个不同物种的后代。在该生命周期中，雌蚁必须通过克隆另一种群的雄性个体来获取其精子，以繁育工蚁。

因此，同母所产的雄性个体虽源于同一母体，却展现出截然不同的基因组与形态特征——它们分属于500万年前就已分化的两个物种。

该系统演化历程呈现为：性寄生行为逐渐演化为跨物种克隆的自然案例，最终形成仅存雄性谱系、通过异种卵细胞进行克隆的生殖模式。研究者将具有此种生殖模式的雌性个体命名为“异种生殖”，意指她们在生命周期中会繁育其他物种。

▲ Abstract：

Here, we report a shift from this norm in Messor ibericus, an ant that lays individuals from two distinct species. In this life cycle, females must clone males of another species because they require their sperm to produce the worker caste. As a result, males from the same mother exhibit distinct genomes and morphologies, as they belong to species that diverged over 5?million years ago. The evolutionary history of this system appears as sexual parasitism that evolved into a natural case of cross-species cloning, resulting in the maintenance of a male-only lineage cloned through distinct species’ ova. We term females exhibiting this reproductive mode as xenoparous, meaning they give birth to other species as part of their life cycle.

生物学Chemistry

▲ 作者：Benjamin Vollmer, Henriette Ebel et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09438-5

▲ 摘要：

研究人员成功分离出预制离子特异性纳米抗体，其中一种展现出强效的中和活性与跨物种活性。通过突变稳定化，研究人员解析了单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）糖蛋白B全长预融合结构，从而精确锁定了抗体结合表位。

研究分析揭示了gB的跨膜区域及多个未被解析的关键结构特征（包括新型融合环构象），为理解膜融合初始阶段的构象变化机制提供了重要线索。

该纳米抗体通过结合横跨三个结构域的特异性表位（该表位仅在预融合状态下空间邻近），可将野生型HSV-2的gB稳定锁定于预融合构象，并助力其天然预融合结构的解析。这一发现不仅阐明了抗体的中和机制，更为抗病毒药物研发开辟了新路径。

▲ Abstract：

Here we show the isolation of prefusion-specific nanobodies, one of which exhibits strong neutralizing and cross-species activity. By mutational stabilization we solved the herpes simplex virus 1 gB full-length prefusion structure, which allowed the bound epitope to be determined. Our analyses show the membrane-embedded regions of gB and previously unresolved structural features, including a new fusion loop arrangement, providing insights into the initial conformational changes required for membrane fusion. Binding an epitope spanning three domains, proximal only in the prefusion state, the nanobody keeps wild-type HSV-2 gB in this conformation and enabled its native prefusion structure to be determined. This also indicates the mode of neutralization and an attractive avenue for antiviral interventions.

古人类学Paleoanthropology

▲ 作者：Budianto Hakim, Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09348-6

▲ 摘要：

研究人员在卡利奥遗址附近的化石层中发现了石器，通过沉积岩的古地磁测年法以及对牙齿化石结合的铀系法与电子自旋共振法测定，该地层年代可追溯至至少104万年，并可能早至148万年。

卡利奥遗址早更新世石器的发现表明，古人类栖息于苏拉威西岛的时间即使不早于弗洛雷斯岛，也与之大致处于同一时期。

▲ Abstract：

Here we show that stone artefacts also occur at the nearby site of Calio in fossiliferous layers dated to at least 1.04?Ma and possibly up to 1.48?Ma, using palaeomagnetic dating of sedimentary rocks and coupled Uranium-series (U-series) and electron-spin resonance (US–ESR) dating of fossil teeth. The discovery of Early Pleistocene artefacts at Calio suggests that Sulawesi was populated by hominins at around the same time as Flores, if not earlier.

医学Medicine