论文标题：Impact of sleep health on self-perceived health status

期刊：Scientific Reports

作者：Mireia Dalmases, Ivan Benítez, Esther Sapiña-Beltran, Oriol Garcia-Codina, Antonia Medina-Bustos, Joan Escarrabill, Esteve Saltó, Daniel J. Buysse, Rosa E. Plana, Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Ferran Barbé, Jordi de Batlle

发表时间：2019/05/13

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-43873-5

拥有健康的生活方式是享受健康和避免非传染性疾病（non-communicable diseases，NCDs）的关键。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）2014年关于非传染性疾病的报告，减少了酒精、盐/钠和烟草的使用，增加体力活动（physical activity，PA），制止高血压、糖尿病和肥胖症的上升，都是可用于控制NCDs的方法。但该报告和已有的研究多没有提及睡眠健康或睡眠习惯是可能改善健康和预防NCDs的因素。近期发表在Scientific Reports上的一项研究将睡眠健康也纳入NCDs研究，旨在评估和比较饮食、PA、吸烟、饮酒和睡眠的相对权重与自我感知健康状况之间的关系。

图1 图源：© vlorzor / stock.adobe.com

研究人员选择了来自2015年加泰罗尼亚健康问卷调查的4385项调查的横断面数据（cross-sectional data）作为2015年14岁以上普通（non-institutionalized）加泰罗尼亚人群的代表，以度量并比较低水平体力活动（参照国际体力活动问卷IPAQ：低水平）、不良饮食（参照地中海饮食预防医学研究问卷PREDIMED：低）、不良睡眠（满足、警觉、时间、效率与时长量表SATED：<8）、吸烟以及饮酒（根据标准饮酒单位确定为高风险饮酒者）等5项因素与健康状况不良的自我认知的独立相关关系。

经过对年龄、性别、教育水平与共病情况的调整，逻辑回归模型显示不良睡眠与健康状况不良的自我认知具有最强的独立相关关系（OR=1.70；95%CI：1.37-2.12），排名其后的是不良饮食（OR=1.37；95%CI：1.10-1.72）与低水平体力活动（OR=1.31；95%CI：1.01-1.69）。这一结果表明，睡眠习惯是与自我健康感知相关的最强的潜在可改变的风险因素之一，与年龄、性别和共患病的数量无关。

不良睡眠可能是自我感觉健康状况不佳的原因，也可能是后果。研究人员认为这些发现表明，在定义健康生活方式时，不应忽视睡眠习惯。睡眠习惯应该包括在重要的可改变的健康风险因素中，并被认为是健康生活方式的一个关键组成部分。

摘要：Although sleep habits have long been recognized as a promoter of health, the World Health Organization 2014 report on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) only listed smoking, alcohol intake, diet and physical activity (PA) as key modifiable risk factors that could enhance health and prevent NCDs. Cross-sectional data on 4385 surveys from the 2015 Catalan Health Survey, representative of the 2015 non-institutionalized Catalan population over age 14, were used to assess and compare the independent associations of low PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): low activity); poor diet (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea questionnaire (PREDIMED): low-adherent); poor sleep health (Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency and Duration scale (SATED): <8); smoking status; and, alcohol intake (high-risk drinker based on standard drink units) with having a poor self-perceived health status. Logistic regression models adjusted by age, gender, education level and number of comorbidities showed that poor sleep health had the strongest independent association with poor self-perceived health status (OR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.37–2.12), followed by poor diet (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.10–1.72) and low PA (OR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.01–1.69). This suggests that sleep habits should be included among the important modifiable health risk factors and be considered a key component of a healthy lifestyle.

（来源：科学网）