福建农林大学明瑞光小组近日取得一项新成果。经过不懈努力，他们揭示了揭示甘蔗杂交种雌性恢复的机制。2026年8月5日出版的《自然》发表了这项成果。

本研究获得了八倍体Saccharum officinarum LA Purple和十倍体Saccharum spontanum US56-14-4的单倍型解析基因组。这些物种之间的8个F1杂交表现出2:1的母系与父系基因组比例，2个组合显示出大约40条父系染色体和大约80条母系染色体的典型单倍体。母染色体由40对重复的、部分重组的姐妹染色单体组成，保留了约62.5%的母染色体遗传多样性，具有二次分裂恢复的特点。

利用单分子长读段测序和一种广泛适用于多倍体基因组的新算法，研究人员确定了两类重组断点，包括以前未被识别的重组和非重组读段支持的配置，在所有杂交和二次分裂恢复诊断中。这些发现解决了一个世纪以来的细胞学争论，为减数分裂变异提供了新的见解，并提供了一种基因组方法来加速这种全球关键的糖和生物能源作物的遗传增益。

据了解，减数分裂的变异通常会使受精前的遗传补体减半，这可能会产生深远的后果。例如，全基因组复制（多倍体）塑造了大多数被子植物谱系的进化和多样化。甘蔗种间杂交种长达一个世纪之久的成功归功于非遗传的雌性恢复——一个未减少的母系配子与一个正常的单倍体父系配子交配。

附：英文原文

Title: Uncovering the mechanism of female restitution in sugarcane hybrids

Author: Zhu, Sihui, Tang, Haibao, Jones, Tyler, Fumia, Nathan, Zhou, Jing, Cai, Lingmin, Wang, Wen, Zhou, Yanhong, Mao, Haoming, Zuo, Liping, Zheng, Yutong, Zhang, Yixing, Ji, Zhaoqian, Tao, Huanhuan, Pan, Jianling, Xu, Yating, Chen, Huiru, Nagai, Chifumi, Ming, Ray

Issue&Volume: 2026-08-05

Abstract: Variations of meiosis, which normally halve genetic complements prior to fertilization, can have profound consequences. For example, whole-genome duplications (polyploidy) have shaped the evolution and diversification of most angiosperm lineages. The century-long success of sugarcane interspecific hybrids has been attributed to unusual female restitution—an unreduced maternal gamete fusing with a normal haploid paternal gamete1,2. Here we generated haplotype-resolved genomes of octoploid Saccharum officinarum LA Purple and decaploid Saccharum spontaneum US56-14-4. Eight F1 hybrids between these species exhibited 2:1 maternal to paternal genomic ratios, with 2 assemblies revealing canonical haploid sets of approximately 40 paternal and approximately 80 maternal chromosomes. The maternal chromosomes comprise 40 pairs of duplicated, partially recombined sister chromatids that retain around 62.5% of maternal genetic diversity, characteristic of second division restitution. Using single-molecule long-read sequencing and a novel algorithm that is broadly applicable to polyploid genomes, we identified two classes of recombination breakpoints, including a previously unrecognized configuration supported by both recombinant and non-recombinant reads, across all hybrids and diagnostic of second division restitution. These findings resolve a century-old cytological debate, add new insights into meiotic variations, and offer a genomic approach to accelerate genetic gain in this globally critical sugar and bioenergy crop.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10863-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10863-3