近日，HRL量子团队成员及合作者报道了一种数控硅量子处理单元。这一研究成果发表在2026年7月29日出版的《自然》杂志上。

商业相关的量子计算机需要可规模化制造、集成和控制的大量高性能量子比特。硅基纯交换型量子比特因其控制信号简单且与先进半导体制造工艺兼容，是一种颇具潜力的候选方案，但在实现足够低的噪声以及可扩展的控制与布线方案方面仍存在诸多问题。

研究组介绍了一种量子处理单元，它由定制设计的低温互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）控制器、高密度超导带状电缆和低噪声纯交换型量子比特器件组成。该量子芯片包含一个由54个交换耦合量子点构成的3轨阵列，经配置可容纳多达18个纯交换型量子比特。

研究组集成并使用这些组件来展示单量子比特和纠缠操作下的量子比特性能，将纯交换型方案的技术水平提升了一个数量级。还进一步通过实现距离-5重复码和距离-2量子错误探测码对该系统进行了验证，并与模型模拟进行了详细比较。该工作可助力开发未来实用规模量子计算机，确保其运营与资本需求可控。

附：英文原文

Title: A digitally controlled silicon quantum processing unit

Author: Jacob Z. Blumoff, Thaddeus D. Ladd or Matthew D. Reed.

Issue&Volume: 2026-07-29

Abstract: Commercially relevant quantum computers will require large numbers of high-performing qubits that can be manufactured, integrated and controlled at scale. Silicon exchange-only qubits1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 are a strong candidate modality owing to their control-signal simplicity and compatibility with advanced semiconductor manufacturing11,12,13, but questions remain around the achievability of sufficiently low noise and a scalable control and wiring solution13,14,15,16,17,18,19. Here we introduce a quantum processing unit composed of a custom-designed cryogenic complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) controller, a high-density superconducting ribbon cable and a low-noise exchange-only qubit device. The quantum chip features a 3-rail array of 54 exchange-coupled quantum dots, configurable to host up to 18 exchange-only qubits. We integrate and use these components to demonstrate qubit performance for both single-qubit and entangling operations that advances the exchange-only state of the art7,8,10 by an order of magnitude. We further validate this system by implementing a distance-5 repetition code20 and a distance-2 quantum error-detecting code21,22,23,24,25,26 and then make detailed comparisons with simulations. Our work facilitates the development of future utility-scale quantum computers with manageable operational and capital requirements.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10754-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10754-7