2026年8月19日，美国华盛顿大学Jang Hyun Park等科学家在《自然》发表研究，揭示了颅骨骨髓中的淋巴样结构在中枢神经系统免疫监视中的功能作用。

越来越多的证据表明，中枢神经系统与外周免疫系统并非隔绝；然而，适应性免疫系统究竟如何监视中枢神经系统，仍是一个关键问题。近期研究发现，颅骨与硬脑膜之间的通道促进了小鼠在稳态和疾病条件下中枢神经系统与颅骨骨髓之间脑脊液和免疫细胞的交换。颅骨骨髓作为中枢神经系统免疫细胞的来源之一，但其在中枢神经系统抗原特异性适应性免疫反应中的作用尚不清楚。在此，研究人员在颅骨骨髓中鉴定出淋巴样结构，这些结构具有生发中心样形态，并包含一群独特的滤泡辅助样T细胞，这些T细胞通过CD40L、IL-21和IFNγ信号促进B细胞激活和体液免疫。这些颅骨骨髓淋巴样结构中的适应性免疫细胞能够监视并对中枢神经系统来源的抗原作出反应，并在小鼠脑癌模型中发挥抗肿瘤免疫作用。

总之，研究人员的发现表明，颅骨骨髓是一个中枢神经系统免疫监视的场所，可能影响多种神经系统疾病中的免疫反应。

附：英文原文

Title: Functional role of skull lymphoid structures in CNS immunosurveillance

Author: Park, Jang Hyun, Abramishvili, Daviti, Davanzo, Gustavo Gasto, Silva, Ruben, Gu, Xingxing, Du, Siling, Lee, Daniel D., Zinselmeyer, Bernd H., Turner, Jackson S., Randolph, Gwendalyn J., Smirnov, Igor, Kipnis, Jonathan

Issue&Volume: 2026-08-19

Abstract: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the central nervous system (CNS) is not disconnected from the peripheral immune system; however, precisely how the adaptive immune system surveils the CNS remains a critical question. Recent findings reveal that channels between the skull and the dura mater facilitate the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and immune cells between the CNS and skull bone marrow of mice under both homeostatic and disease conditions1,2,3,4,5,6. Skull bone marrow functions as a source of immune cells for the CNS5, yet its role in CNS antigen-specific adaptive immune responses remains unclear. Here we identify lymphoid structures within the skull bone marrow, featuring germinal-centre-like formations and containing a distinct population of follicular-helper-like T cells that promote B cell activation and humoral immunity through CD40L, IL-21 and IFNγ signalling. Adaptive immune cells within these skull bone marrow lymphoid structures surveil and respond to CNS-derived antigens and contribute to anti-tumour immune responses in mouse brain cancer models. Together, our findings show that the skull bone marrow is a site of CNS immunosurveillance that may influence immune responses across diverse neurological diseases.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10951-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10951-4