母亲对婴儿肠道微生物群和健康的影响，这一成果由格罗宁根大学Alexandra Zhernakova小组经过不懈努力而取得。相关论文于2026年8月12日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《自然》杂志上。

在这里，课题组人员对来自荷兰出生队列生命线NEXT的714对母婴对的4,526个纵向粪便样本进行了宏基因组测序，跨越12年 怀孕1周 产后一年。该研究组将这些数据与474个临床和暴露变量以及母乳和阴道微生物组的超深度测序相结合。研究人员观察到，受饮食、感染和孕前吸烟的影响，孕妇的肠道微生物群在怀孕和产后只发生了细微的变化。母体肠道微生物群是婴儿肠道菌株的主要储存库，只有偶尔从阴道和母乳微生物群传播。母婴肠道菌株共享是时间依赖性的，较高的母体肠道物种丰度增加了菌株传播的可能性。

该课题组研究人员发现母体肠道微生物组是婴儿湿疹的预测因子。分娩方式和喂养方式主要塑造了婴儿肠道微生物群及其功能特征，母亲暴露也有作用。在585名顺产婴儿中，155名在家中出生，但家中分娩与婴儿肠道微生物组组成只有适度的关联，类似于其他出生参数，如分娩持续时间和膜破裂时间。总的来说，课题组研究人员强调了母亲和她的微生物组在塑造婴儿肠道生态系统和早期健康结果中的核心作用。

据介绍，婴儿肠道微生物群的建立对以后的健康至关重要，但它是如何受到母亲和早期生活因素的影响仍不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Maternal influences on infant gut microbiome and health

Author: Sinha, Trishla, Brushett, Siobhan, Fernndez-Pato, Asier, Garmaeva, Sanzhima, Andreu-Snchez, Sergio, Spreckels, Johanne E., Mallon, Cyrus A., Kuzub, Nataliia, Gois, Milla Brandao, Wu, Jiafei, Kruk, Marloes, Jankipersadsing, Soesma A., Dekens, Jackie A. M., Gacesa, Ranko, Vila, Arnau Vich, Bang, Corinna, Perenboom, Corine, Franke, Andre, Tytgat, Hanne L. P., Mottaz, Sara Colombo, Peters, Lilian, de Jonge, Ank, Verkade, Henkjan J., Swertz, Morris A., Wijmenga, Cisca, Kuipers, Folkert, Scherjon, Sicco, Sikkema, Jan, Sprikkelman, Aline B., de Kroon, Marlou L. A., Prins, Jelmer R., Gordijn, Sanne J., Koppelman, Gerard H., Reijneveld, Sijmen A., Fu, Jingyuan, Yassour, Moran, Kurilshikov, Alexander, Zhernakova, Alexandra

Issue&Volume: 2026-08-12

Abstract: The establishment of the infant gut microbiome is critical for later health1,2, yet how it is shaped by maternal and early-life factors remains unclear. Here we metagenomically sequenced 4,526 longitudinal faecal samples from 714 mother–infant pairs in the Dutch birth cohort Lifelines NEXT, spanning 12weeks of pregnancy to 1year postpartum. We integrated these data with 474 clinical and exposure variables, and with ultra-deep sequencing of breast milk and vaginal microbiomes. We observe that the maternal gut microbiome undergoes only subtle changes during pregnancy and postpartum, influenced by diet, infections and pre-pregnancy smoking. The maternal gut microbiome is a major reservoir for infant gut strains, with only occasional transmission from vaginal and breast milk microbiomes. Mother–infant gut strain sharing is time dependent, and higher maternal gut species abundance increases the likelihood of strain transmission. We find that the maternal gut microbiome is a predictor of infant eczema. Mode of delivery and feeding mode primarily shaped the infant gut microbiome and its functional profiles, with maternal exposures also having a role. Of 585 vaginally delivered infants, 155 were born at home, but home delivery was only moderately associated with infant gut microbiome composition, similar to other birth parameters such as duration of pushing and ruptured membranes. Overall, we highlight the central role of the mother and her microbiome in shaping the infant gut ecosystem and early health outcomes.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10922-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10922-9