近日，以色列魏茨曼科学研究所Leonhardt, Ulf团队研究了光学模拟中受激霍金辐射的反作用。2026年7月1日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

霍金辐射——黑洞事件视界处量子粒子的发射——将引力与量子力学和热力学联系在一起。然而，霍金辐射从未在天文学观测中被发现，仅在实验室模拟中观察到，而在太空中观测到它的几率小得近乎不可能。霍金辐射的能量必须来自黑洞周围的引力场，但场量子如何产生霍金量子此前一直未知。

研究组报告了在光纤模拟事件视界中产生霍金辐射的过程的实验和理论证据。在光纤模拟中，如同在引力情形中一样，人们一直认为霍金辐射源自一个复杂的级联过程；而研究组在理论上识别出一个简单的直接过程，并在实验中观察到了该过程如何反作用于场。该研究结果表明，其他实验室模拟或许也包括引力场，都可能存在同样直接的过程，这为理解黑洞如何辐射提供了启示。

附：英文原文

Title: Backreaction of stimulated Hawking radiation in an optical analogue

Author: Procopio, Lorenzo M., Aguero-Santacruz, Raul, Bermudez, David, Leonhardt, Ulf

Issue&Volume: 2026-07-01

Abstract: Hawking radiation1—the emission of quantum particles at the event horizon of a black hole2—connects gravity with quantum mechanics and thermodynamics3,4,5. But Hawking radiation has never been observed in astronomy, only in laboratory analogues6,7,8,9, and the chances of ever observing it in space are astronomically small9. The energy of Hawking radiation must come from the gravitational field around the black hole2, but how field quanta generate Hawking quanta has been unknown. Here we report on experimental and theoretical evidence for the process that generates Hawking radiation in a fibre-optical analogue of the event horizon10,11. There, as in gravity2, it has been believed that Hawking radiation comes from a complicated, cascaded process12; here we have identified theoretically a simple, direct process and observed experimentally how this process reacts back onto the field. Our findings suggest an equally direct process for other laboratory analogues6,7,8,13,14,15,16,17 and perhaps also for gravitational fields, shedding light on how black holes might radiate.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10720-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10720-3