近日，福州大学郑玉婴团队报道了协同增强乙烯-醋酸乙烯泡沫阻燃和吸能的锌离子增强磷酸三聚氰胺阻燃剂的构建。2026年7月15日，《中国高分子科学杂志》发表了这一成果。

用于缓冲和保护应用的泡沫材料常常面临阻燃性与能量吸收之间的权衡。乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）泡沫轻质、柔韧且高度易燃，这限制了其更广泛的工程应用。

研究组通过原位离子络合和表面接枝，开发了一种多功能添加剂——硅烷改性锌离子增强三聚氰胺磷酸盐（ZnMP），以克服传统膨胀型体系中阻燃性与力学性能之间的不兼容性。与原始三聚氰胺磷酸盐（MPP）相比，ZnMP通过Zn²⁺与含氮和含磷基团的相互作用形成配位结构。当以15 wt%的添加量引入EVA泡沫时，ZnMP作为高效的异相成核剂，生成了致密的微孔结构。同时，硅烷偶联剂增强了ZnMP与EVA基体之间的界面相互作用，从而实现有效增强。

因此，EVA/ZnMP泡沫的力学性能显著提升，储能模量提高144.3%，能量吸收提高21.4%，且在80%应变下循环压缩10次后的保持率为88.6%。此外，Zn²⁺在燃烧过程中促进了致密炭层的形成，赋予材料优异的阻燃性能，极限氧指数（LOI）达25.3%，通过UL-94 V-0等级，峰值热释放率降低41.0%。这种离子配位与界面改性策略为开发兼具力学增强与阻燃性能的轻质EVA泡沫，用于缓冲和保护应用提供了一条有前景的途径。

附：英文原文

Title: Construction of Zinc Ion-reinforced Melamine Phosphate Flame Retardant for Synergistic Enhancement of Flame Retardancy and Energy Absorption in Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Foams

Author: Xian-Sheng Hong, Yu-Ying Zheng

Issue&Volume: 2026-07-15

Abstract: The foam materials used in cushioning and protective applications often face a trade-off between flame retardancy and energy absorption. Ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) foams are lightweight, flexible, and highly flammable, which restricts their broader engineering applications. In this study, a multifunctional additive, silane-modified zinc ion–reinforced melamine phosphate (ZnMP), was developed via in situ ion complexation and surface grafting to overcome the incompatibility between flame retardancy and mechanical performance in conventional intumescent systems. Compared to pristine melamine phosphate (MPP), ZnMP forms a coordinated structure through Zn2+ interactions with nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing groups. When incorporated into the EVA foams at 15 wt%, ZnMP acted as an efficient heterogeneous nucleating agent, generating a dense microporous structure. Meanwhile, the silane coupling agent enhanced the interfacial interaction between the ZnMP and the EVA matrix, enabling effective reinforcement. Consequently, the EVA/ZnMP foam exhibited significantly improved mechanical properties, including a 144.3% increase in storage modulus, 21.4% increase in energy adsorption, and 88.6% cyclic compression retention after 10 cycles (80% strain). In addition, Zn2+ promoted the formation of a compact char layer during combustion, leading to excellent flame-retardant performance with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 25.3%, UL-94 V-0 rating, and a 41.0% reduction in the peak heat release rate. This ion-coordination and interfacial modification strategy offers a promising route for developing lightweight EVA foams with balanced mechanical reinforcements and flame-retardant properties for cushioning and protective applications.

DOI: 10.1007/s10118-026-3672-z

Source: https://www.cjps.org/en/article/doi/10.1007/s10118-026-3672-z/