近日，天津大学胡文彬团队报道了燃料电池用精确调谐铂皮金属间催化剂的瞬态组装。该项研究成果发表在2026年7月9日出版的《科学》杂志上。

高效催化剂需要精确设计复杂结构，然而传统的热力学控制合成往往涉及繁琐的步骤且结构精度有限。研究组报道了一种非平衡瞬态组装策略，用于超快合成具有复杂结构的纳米催化剂，包括以Pt@PtFe-i为代表的核心-壳层结构——铂（Pt）皮包覆的有序金属间化合物纳米晶。

通过使用周期性热脉冲方案驱动高能瞬态PtFe构型的持续演化，研究组实现了高阶PtFe金属间化合物核心与原子层精度Pt皮的同步组装。Pt@PtFe-i催化剂在Pt皮内表现出配位依赖的压缩应变，从而为氧还原反应创造了高密度的高活性位点。采用Pt@PtFe-i的H₂-空气燃料电池在阴极Pt载量为0.1 mg·cm^-2时，峰值功率密度达1.25 W·cm^-2，且在30,000圈加速耐久性测试循环后，峰值功率损失仅为3.2%。

附：英文原文

Title: Transient assembly of precision-tuned platinum-skin intermetallic catalysts for fuel cells

Author: Jia Ding, Tao Zhang, Wanqing Song, Zezhou Li, Xin Wang, Xinyi Yang, Jiahui Feng, Ming Wen, Yanan Chen, Zhong Wu, Jihan Zhou, Bin Liu, Wenbin Hu

Issue&Volume: 2026-07-09

Abstract: Highly efficient catalysts require precisely engineered intricate structures, yet conventional thermodynamically controlled syntheses often involve cumbersome procedures and limited structural precision. We report a nonequilibrium transient assembly strategy for the ultrafast synthesis of intricately structured nanocatalysts, including core-shell platinum (Pt)–skinned intermetallic nanocrystals exemplified by Pt@PtFe-i. By using a periodic thermal-pulse protocol to drive the continuous evolution of high-energy transient PtFe configurations, we achieved the synchronous assembly of a high-order PtFe intermetallic core and an atomic-layer-precise Pt skin. The Pt@PtFe-i catalyst exhibits coordination-dependent compressive strain within the Pt skin, creating a high density of highly active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction. The H2-air fuel cell with Pt@PtFe-i delivers a peak power of 1.25 watts per square centimeter at a cathode Pt loading of 0.1 milligrams per square centimeter, with a small peak power loss of 3.2% after 30,000 accelerated durability testing cycles.

DOI: aeg2036

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeg2036