中国医学科学院血液病医院（中国医学科学院血液学研究所）兰雨研究员与北京理工大学肖振宇教授、中国人民解放军总医院刘兵研究员团队取得一项新突破。他们开发出人原肠胚前上皮细胞多样化和血液形成成。相关论文发表在2026年6月24日出版的《自然》杂志上。

在这里，课题组人员展示了卡内基阶段6（大约受孕后13-14天）人类胚胎的高分辨率空间转录组景观，在这个阶段，原始条纹仍然不可见，原胚衍生的中胚层/内胚层祖细胞尚未被转录组检测到。该课题组发现了一个前内脏内胚层样的下胚层群体，以及外胚层的三叉发育轨迹，在随后的发育阶段向羊膜、原始条纹和淋巴结/脊索前板/脊索（轴向中胚层）发展。

此外，他们的发现挑战了现有的范式，揭示了原始造血，涉及三个血液谱系，在原肠胚形成之前开始于人类卵黄囊，比之前认识到的更早，并且第一批血细胞起源于胚胎外中胚层，起源于下胚层而不是外胚层。值得注意的是，研究组确定了两个空间区域，每个区域由分子上不同的卵黄囊内胚层和胚外中胚层群体组成，分别促进了红细胞-巨核细胞谱系和髓系前体的产生。这些发现提供了对人类原肠胚形成和最早血液形成的见解，对推进干细胞衍生的人类胚胎模型和体外血液再生具有深远的意义。

据悉，人类原肠胚形成的初始阶段，即原始条纹即将出现的阶段，是一个关键但尚未被充分探索的时期。

附：英文原文

Title: Epiblast diversification and blood formation in a human pregastrula

Author: Xiao, Zhenyu, Gong, Yandong, Yang, Xiaolong, He, Nannan, Wang, Xinyuan, You, Guoju, Zhu, Hanlin, Liang, Yingping, Xie, Xinwei, Fang, Baoqi, Liu, Gaoke, Liu, Bing, Lan, Yu

Issue&Volume: 2026-06-24

Abstract: The incipient stage of gastrulation in human, when the primitive streak is about to emerge, represents a critical yet underexplored period. Here we present the high-resolution spatial transcriptomic landscape of a human embryo at Carnegie stage 6 (approximately 13–14 days post-conception), a stage at which primitive streak remains invisible and gastrulation-derived mesodermal/endodermal progenitors are not yet transcriptomically detected. We identified an anterior visceral endoderm-like hypoblast population, as well as a trifurcated developmental trajectory of the epiblast, progressing towards the amnion, primitive streak and node/prechordal plate/notochord (axial mesoderm) at subsequent developmental stages1,2,3. Furthermore, our findings challenge the existing paradigms by revealing that primitive haematopoiesis, involving three blood lineages, initiates in human yolk sac before gastrulation, earlier than previously recognized2,4,5,6,7, and that the first blood cells arise from the extra-embryonic mesoderm with a hypoblast rather than epiblast origin. Notably, we identified two spatial zones, each consisting of molecularly distinct yolk sac endoderm and extra-embryonic mesoderm populations, that respectively facilitated the generation of erythro-megakaryocytic lineages and myeloid precursors. These findings provide insights into the onset of gastrulation and the earliest blood formation in humans, with profound implications for advancing stem cell-derived human embryo models and in vitro blood regeneration.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10698-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10698-y