近日，南京大学谢基伟团队报道了超级地球和小海王星遵循不同的轨道周期-离心率关系。相关论文于2026年6月11日发表在《科学》杂志上。

许多已观测到的系外行星其半径大小介于地球和海王星之间，因此被分为两类：超级地球和迷你海王星。 太阳系中既没有超级地球也没有迷你海王星，关于它们的形成和演化机制仍存在争议。

研究组利用整体统计分析和个体测量相结合的方法，研究了超级地球和迷你海王星轨道周期与偏心率之间的关系。结果发现，迷你海王星的轨道周期与偏心率呈负相关，而超级地球则遵循不同的关系，可能呈相反方向。这些趋势表明，迷你海王星和超级地球是动力学特征迥异的群体。研究组认为，超级地球受到剧烈过程（如引力散射和巨大撞击）的影响更强，而迷你海王星则主要经历了平稳的长期演化。

附：英文原文

Title: Super-earths and mini-neptunes follow different orbital period–eccentricity relations

Author: anonymous

Issue&Volume: 2026-06-11

Abstract: Many exoplanets have been observed with radius sizes between that of Earth and that of Neptune and are thus classified into two groups: super-earths (SEs) and mini-neptunes (MNs). There are no SEs or MNs in the Solar System, and the mechanisms responsible for their formation and evolution are debated. We investigated the relationships between the orbital period and eccentricity of SEs and MNs using both ensemble statistical analyses and individual measurements. We found that MNs follow an anticorrelation between orbital period and eccentricity, but SEs follow a different relation, possibly in the opposite direction. These trends imply that MNs and SEs are dynamically distinct populations. We suggest that SEs have been more strongly influenced by violent processes such as gravitational scattering and giant impacts, whereas MNs predominantly experienced quiescent secular evolution.

DOI: adu3916

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu3916