近日，美国加州大学伯克利分校Wang, Feng团队研究了电子-空穴双层中双组分激子凝聚。2026年6月10日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

当玻色子凝聚成玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）时，宏观量子相干性便会出现。 激子是实现高温BEC的一条长期探索的固态路径，其具有强相互作用、电学可调性及潜在的多分量自旋-序特性，但关于平衡态凝聚的确切证据始终未能获得。

研究组通过探测组成电子和空穴的自旋-谷磁化率，报告了在MoSe₂/hBN/WSe₂电子-空穴双层中实现双分量激子BEC的证据。该异质结构容纳了具有四种自旋-谷味道的平衡态激子流体。稀释制冷机中的磁光光谱揭示了三个具有不同味道极化的激子凝聚相。在零磁场下，多体基态是两种凝聚的谷内激子味道的相干叠加。

在磁场作用下，谷内激子凝聚体首先在弱临界场处通过一级量子相变转变为双分量的谷间凝聚体，然后在强场下转变为完全极化的单分量凝聚体。凝聚体的特征在密度-温度空间中形成一个穹顶状区域，持续存在至约 1.8 K。该研究结果确立了范德华电子-空穴双层作为一个用于强相互作用、多分量激子BEC的多功能平台。

附：英文原文

Title: Two-component exciton condensates in an electron–hole bilayer

Author: Qi, Ruishi, Li, Qize, Nie, Jiahui, Xia, Ruichen, Kim, Haleem, Lim, Hyungbin, Xie, Jingxu, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Crommie, Michael F., MacDonald, Allan H., Wang, Feng

Issue&Volume: 2026-06-10

Abstract: Macroscopic quantum coherence emerges when bosons condense into a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC)1,2,3,4,5. Excitons are a long-sought solid-state route to high-temperature BECs with strong interactions, electrical tunability and potentially multicomponent spinor order, but conclusive evidence for equilibrium condensation has remained elusive. Here we report evidence for two-component exciton BECs in MoSe2/hBN/WSe2 electron–hole bilayers6,7,8,9 by probing the spin–valley susceptibility of constituent electrons and holes. This heterostructure hosts equilibrium exciton fluids with four spin–valley flavours. Magneto-optical spectroscopy in a dilution refrigerator reveals three exciton condensate phases with distinct flavour polarizations. At zero magnetic field, the many-body ground state is a coherent superposition of two condensed intravalley exciton flavours. Under a magnetic field, the intravalley exciton condensate first switches to a two-component intervalley condensate through a first-order quantum phase transition at a weak critical field and then turns into a fully polarized single-component condensate at high fields. The condensate signatures form a dome in density–temperature space, persisting up to approximately 1.8K. Our results establish van der Waals electron–hole bilayers as a versatile platform for strongly interacting, multicomponent exciton BECs.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10636-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10636-y