一种分泌到水稻中的病原体长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）会捕获宿主的小RNA（miRNA）以增强其致病性，这一成果由四川农业大学陈学伟课题组经过不懈努力而取得。该项研究成果发表在2026年5月20日出版的《自然》上。

在这里，研究团队报告了一种控制病原体-宿主相互作用的RNA-RNA识别机制，该机制由一个编码调控RNA的DNA序列介导，该序列分别产生两个互补的调控RNA。具体来说，真菌病原体稻瘟病菌中从该DNA区域转录的长链非编码RNA易位到宿主水稻细胞中，并隔离来自不同宿主DNA区域的互补microRNA (miRNA)，从而破坏宿主免疫。

反过来，这种水稻来源的miRNA通过抑制PKR1的表达来促进抗病性，PKR1是一种编码宿主免疫负调节因子的基因。真菌长链非编码RNA隔离宿主miRNA，释放PKR1表达，促进真菌感染。该课题组研究人员发现这种调节RNA编码的DNA序列可能广泛存在于不同的生命物种中，介导病原体与其植物宿主之间的相互作用。总的来说，他们的发现提供了一种有效的方法来控制来自这一重要DNA区域的主题miRNA。

据介绍，植物和动物通过模式识别受体和Nod样受体蛋白对病原体作出反应。病原体通常利用蛋白效应物抑制宿主免疫以成功感染。然而，非蛋白效应类的存在仍然相对缺乏研究。

附：英文原文

Title: A pathogen lncRNA secreted into rice sequesters a host miRNA for virulence

Author: He, Min, Su, Jia, Zhou, Xiaogang, Qi, Tuo, Wang, Jiazheng, Zhang, Tianxin, Chen, Jinhua, Chern, Mawsheng, Xu, Youpin, Lu, Xiang, Hou, Qingqing, Liu, Hongrui, Huang, Wenfang, Liu, Jiawei, Li, Shiying, Zhu, Yunfei, Chen, Xue, Ran, Senyu, Li, Han, Liu, Renju, Lei, Mingliang, Shu, Guosong, Liao, Haicheng, Yin, Junjie, Zhu, Xiaobo, Tang, Yongyan, Song, Li, Wang, Long, Xiong, Qing, Liu, Jiali, Bi, Yu, Yang, Yihua, Qing, Hai, Ma, Bingtian, Li, Yan, Fan, Jing, Qin, Peng, Wang, Yuping, Wu, Jianming, Wang, Wenming, Li, Shigui, Li, Weitao, Wang, Jing, Chen, Xuewei

Issue&Volume: 2026-05-20

Abstract: Plants and animals respond to pathogens through pattern recognition receptor and Nod-like receptor proteins1. Pathogens commonly use protein effectors to suppress host immunity for successful infection2. However, the existence of non-protein effector classes remains comparatively understudied. Here we report an RNA–RNA recognition mechanism governing pathogen–host interaction, mediated by a regulatory RNA-encoding DNA sequence that separately generates two complementary regulatory RNAs. Specifically, a long non-coding RNA transcribed from this DNA region in the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae translocates into host rice cells and sequesters a complementary microRNA (miRNA), derived from a distinct host DNA region, thereby subverting host immunity. In turn, this rice-derived miRNA promotes disease resistance by repressing the expression of PKR1, a gene that encodes a negative regulator of host immunity. Sequestration of the host miRNA by the fungal long non-coding RNA releases PKR1 expression to facilitate fungal infection. We discovered that this regulatory RNA-encoding DNA sequence is probably widely present across diverse life species, mediating interactions between pathogens and their plant hosts. Collectively, our findings provide an approach for effective disease control using miRNAs derived from this important DNA region.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10572-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10572-x