近日，
研究团队利用载人潜水器“奋斗者号”报告了一个深度硬基质动物群（9000至10,898米），该动物群由来自克马德克海沟和马里亚纳海沟的32种生物组成，涵盖原生生物和后生生物的6个门类，其中大多数为毫米级大小，且为科学新发现。研究团队发现主导这些组合的丝状生物是异养有孔虫，挑战了早期的趋化石自养假说。大规模的海底成像和采样表明，类似的原生生物主导的无根群落在大洋洲周围的七个潮区茁壮成长。这些动物为研究海洋最深处的生物多样性开辟了新的视角，并揭示了全球超深渊海沟中广泛存在但以前未被认识到的碳热点。
研究人员表示，深海硬底物承载着新奇的动物和独特的进化谱系。然而，岩石上的无根生物很难取样，而且在极深的深海中基本上是未知的。
附：英文原文
Title: Protist-dominated hard substrate faunas thrive at the deepest ocean depths
Author: Xikun Song, Andrew J. Gooday, Dennis P. Gordon, Daniel Leduc, Yike Sun, Zizhu Wang, Qian He, Zhaoming Gao, Bernhard Ruthensteiner, Andrea Waeschenbach, Thomas Schwaha, Xiaolan Lin, Hanyu Zhang, Ashley Rowden, Hengchao Xu, Shuangquan Liu, Shun Chen, Liang Meng, Dee Li, Yustian Rovi Alfiansah, Huijie Guo, Mengran Du, Xiaotong Peng
Issue&Volume: 2026-05-14
Abstract: Deep-sea hard substrates host faunal novelties and distinct evolutionary lineages. However, sessile organisms on rocks are difficult to sample and largely unknown at extreme hadal depths. Here, we report a deep hard-substrate fauna (9000 to 10,898 meters), comprising 32 species of six protist and metazoan phyla, most millimeter-sized and new to science, from the Kermadec and Mariana trenches, using the manned submersible Fendouzhe. We show that the filamentous organisms dominating these assemblages are heterotrophic foraminiferans, challenging the earlier chemolithoautotrophic hypothesis. Large-scale seafloor imaging and sampling suggest that similar protistan-dominated sessile communities thrive in seven hadal regions around Oceania. These faunas open new perspectives on biodiversity at the deepest ocean depths and unveil widespread, but previously unrecognized, carbon hotspots in global hadal trenches.
DOI: aea7086
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea7086