近日，意大利米兰大学Diego Scheggia及其小组的研究显示，亲社会学习的个体差异表现在海马背侧CA1。2026年5月12日，国际知名学术期刊《自然—神经科学》发表了这一成果。

在这里，小组展示了通过观察一个示范，老鼠学会了采取有利于他人的行动，这些行动是目标导向的，是灵活的。化学发生沉默实验表明，观察者需要海马背侧CA1 （dCA1）的活动来学习社会背景下的行动-结果关联。纤维光度法记录揭示了观察期间dCA1活动模式的个体间差异，追踪了观察者随后的亲社会或自私行为倾向。光遗传学操作表明，dCA1在观察过程中是关键，可以在未来的相互作用中使母细胞的行为朝着亲社会或自私的选择方向发展。他们的研究提供了一个指导亲社会行为的知识社会传播的主题模型，这可能与研究从他人行为中学习的能力受到损害的疾病有关。

据了解，动物可以通过观察同类来了解危险，但它们是否以及如何通过他人的积极情感状态获得行为尚不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Individual differences in prosocial learning are represented in the hippocampal dorsal CA1

Author: La Greca, Filippo, Zianni, Elisa, Cerchiaro, Ilaria, Gusmini, Michela, Coccia, Giulia, Carrea, Alexandre, Pelucchi, Silvia, Castoldi, Carlo, Maggioni, Davide, Marcello, Elena, Silva, Bianca Ambrogina, Gardoni, Fabrizio, DiLuca, Monica, Scheggia, Diego

Issue&Volume: 2026-05-12

Abstract: Animals can learn about danger by observing conspecifics, but whether and how they acquire behaviors through positive affective states of others is not understood. Here we show that by observing a demonstrator, mice learn to take actions that benefit others and that are goal-directed and flexible. Chemogenetic silencing experiments showed that activity in hippocampal dorsal CA1 (dCA1) was required for observers to learn action–outcome associations in a social context. Fiber photometry recordings revealed inter-individual differences in dCA1 activity patterns during observation that tracked the observer’s subsequent prosocial or selfish behavioral propensities. Optogenetic manipulations demonstrated that the dCA1 is key during observation and can orient a mouse’s actions toward prosocial or selfish choices in future interactions. Our study provides a mouse model of social transmission of knowledge that guides prosocial behavior and that may be relevant for studying disorders in which the ability to learn from others’ actions is compromised.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02292-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02292-2