哥伦比亚大学Nima Mesgarani小组在研究中取得进展。他们探明了实时脑控选择性听力增强多说话环境下的语音感知能力。2026年5月11日，国际知名学术期刊《自然—神经科学》发表了这一成果。

在这里，研究组以高分辨率颅内脑电图为主题，在接受神经外科手术的患者中实现一个闭环系统，该系统可以实现解码保真度，以动态放大参与的谈话者。在多次实验中，该系统提高了语音清晰度，减少了倾听的努力，并且一直受到受试者的青睐。它还追踪了指示和自发的注意力转移。通过提供实时脑控听力系统可以增强感知的直接证据，本研究为未来的听觉脑机接口建立了关键的性能基准，并将AAD从理论概念推进到个性化辅助听力的验证解决方案。

据了解，对许多人来说，在嘈杂的环境中理解说话是很困难的，而目前的助听器往往会失灵，因为它们放大的是所有的声音，而不是说话人感兴趣的声音。听觉注意解码（AAD）提供了一个潜在的解决方案，它通过听众的大脑信号来识别和增强演讲者，但目前还不清楚这是否能提供实时感知好处。

附：英文原文

Title: Real-time brain-controlled selective hearing enhances speech perception in multi-talker environments

Author: Choudhari, Vishal, Nentwich, Maximilian, Johnson, Sarah, Herrero, Jose L., Bickel, Stephan, Mehta, Ashesh D., Friedman, Daniel, Flinker, Adeen, Chang, Edward F., Mesgarani, Nima

Issue&Volume: 2026-05-11

Abstract: Understanding speech in noisy environments is difficult for many people, and current hearing aids often fail because they amplify all sounds rather than the talker of interest. Auditory attention decoding (AAD) offers a potential solution by using the listener’s brain signals to identify and enhance the attended speaker, but it has been unclear whether this can provide real-time perceptual benefits. Here we used high-resolution intracranial electroencephalography in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures to implement a closed-loop system that achieves the decoding fidelity necessary to dynamically amplify the attended talker. Across multiple experiments, the system improved speech intelligibility, reduced listening effort and was consistently preferred by subjects. It also tracked both instructed and self-initiated attention shifts. By providing direct evidence that a real-time, brain-controlled hearing system can enhance perception, this work establishes a key performance benchmark for future auditory brain–computer interfaces and advances AAD from a theoretical concept to a validated solution for personalized assistive hearing.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02281-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02281-5