近日，美国布法罗大学Jason P. Briner团队揭示了冰山是风向标：晚更新世五大湖东部的冰山冲刷记录了冰川反气旋。相关论文于2026年5月5日发表在《地质学》杂志上。

冰盖与大气环流之间紧密耦合，但在模型和代用数据中，对冰川反气旋风型的界定仍然存在不足。

利用高分辨率数字高程模型，研究组在美国五大湖区东部跨度超过1000公里的晚更新世冰前湖床上，发现了超过3000处残余的冰山水蚀痕迹。他们认为，这些覆盖末次冰消期（约17−12校准千年以前）的冰山水蚀痕迹可作为古风向代用指标，记录了劳伦泰冰盖前缘的反气旋风系。

东风引导冰山漂移，形成了西南西向（258° ± 19°）的水蚀痕迹方向，这与该区域沙丘带和沿岸漂移的主要方向一致。在该研究区还发现，残余热融湖也受到同一风系的影响。该发现提供了五大湖区域规模最大的残余冰山水蚀痕迹记录，并为劳伦泰冰盖冰川反气旋在约5000年的冰盖退缩期间所驱动的持续东风提供了证据。

附：英文原文

Title: Icebergs as windvanes: Late Pleistocene iceberg scours in the eastern Great Lakes record the glacial anticyclone

Author: Sean P. Grasing, Jason P. Briner

Issue&Volume: 2026-05-05

Abstract: Ice sheets and atmospheric circulation are tightly coupled, yet gaps remain in defining glacial anticyclonic wind patterns in both models and proxy data. Using high-resolution digital elevation models, we discovered >3000 relict iceberg scour marks on Late Pleistocene proglacial lake beds spanning >1000 km in the eastern Great Lakes, USA. We propose that iceberg scour marks spanning the last deglaciation (ca. 1712 calibrated k.y. B.P.) act as paleowind proxies that record the anticyclonic wind system fronting the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Easterly winds steered iceberg drift, producing scour marks oriented WSW (258° ± 19°), the same general orientation as regional dune fields and longshore drift. Relict thermokarst lakes discovered in our study area are found to be impacted by the same wind system. Our discoveries provide the most extensive record of relict iceberg scour marks in the Great Lakes and offer evidence for sustained easterly winds driven by the Laurentide Ice Sheet glacial anticyclone fronting ～5000 years of ice sheet recession.

DOI: 10.1130/G54750.1

Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G54750.1/730474/Icebergs-as-windvanes-Late-Pleistocene-iceberg