近日，荷兰代尔夫特理工大学L. M. K. Vandersypen团队报道了硅中移动自旋量子比特的双量子比特逻辑和隐形传态。2026年5月6日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

量子计算架构的可扩展性和能力在很大程度上取决于高保真度操作以及稳健且灵活的量子比特连接性。在这方面，移动量子比特尤其具有吸引力，因为它们能够实现动态且可重构的量子比特阵列。这种方法允许量子处理器在运行过程中调整其连接模式，在同一硬件上实现不同的量子纠错码，并通过用于特定操作（如测量或纠缠生成）的专用功能区来优化资源使用。这种灵活性也缓解了架构上的限制，正如最近在基于离子阱和光镊操控中性原子的原子系统中所展示的那样。在固态平台中，高度相干的自旋电子传送已有报道。一个关键悬而未决的问题是，是否有可能直接在移动自旋上执行量子门。

研究组在半导体器件中，演示了在各自独立的移动势能极小值中相向移动的两个电子自旋之间的双量子比特操作。结果发现，相互作用的强度可通过它们之间的空间距离进行高度调控。当将两个自旋各向中心移动120 nm（总位移240 nm）时，研究组实现了约99%的平均双量子比特门保真度。此外，研究组实现了相距320 nm的量子比特之间的条件性后选择量子态隐形传态，平均门保真度为87%，这体现了移动自旋量子比特在非局域量子信息处理中的潜力。研究组预期，对移动量子比特的操作将成为未来大规模半导体量子处理器的普遍特征。

附：英文原文

Title: Two-qubit logic and teleportation with mobile spin qubits in silicon

Author: Matsumoto, Y., De Smet, M., Tryputen, L., de Snoo, S. L., Amitonov, S. V., Sammak, A., Rimbach-Russ, M., Scappucci, G., Vandersypen, L. M. K.

Issue&Volume: 2026-05-06

Abstract: The scalability and power of quantum computing architectures depend critically on high-fidelity operations and robust and flexible qubit connectivity1,2,3. In this respect, mobile qubits are particularly attractive as they enable dynamic and reconfigurable qubit arrays. This approach allows quantum processors to adapt their connectivity patterns during operation, implement different quantum error correction codes on the same hardware and optimize resource use through dedicated functional zones for specific operations such as measurement or entanglement generation4,5,6,7. Such flexibility also relieves architectural constraints, as recently demonstrated in atomic systems based on trapped ions4,5 and neutral atoms manipulated with optical tweezers6,7. In solid-state platforms, highly coherent shuttling of electron spins was recently reported8,9. A key outstanding question is whether it may be possible to perform quantum gates directly on the mobile spins. Here we demonstrate two-qubit operations between two electron spins carried towards each other in separate travelling potential minima in a semiconductor device. We find that the interaction strength is highly tunable by their spatial separation. When we shuttle the two spins towards the centre by 120nm each for a total displacement of 240nm, we achieve an average two-qubit gate fidelity of about 99%. Furthermore, we implement conditional post-selected quantum state teleportation between qubits separated by 320nm with an average gate fidelity of 87%, showcasing the potential of mobile spin qubits for non-local quantum information processing. We expect that operations on mobile qubits will become a universal feature of future large-scale semiconductor quantum processors.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10423-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10423-9