德国达姆施塔特工业大学Nico Blüthgen团队的研究开发出了热带雨林的生物多样性恢复力。相关论文发表在2026年4月8日出版的《自然》杂志上。

在这里，研究小组通过调查对扰动的抵抗力、恢复时间和对原生林条件的回复率，分析了一个低地热带森林中来自三个王国的16个分类类群的营养水平的恢复轨迹。在30年内，丰度和多样性恢复了90%以上，组成与原生林相似度约为75%，但完全恢复需要几十年。作为种子传播者或传粉者的流动动物群落具有较高的抗性水平，并且比树木或树苗恢复得更快。回归率对物种组成恢复时间的贡献是抗性的1 ~ 2.5倍。分类群特有的恢复时间不能用简单的机制（生活史策略、营养水平或流动性）来解释。课题组研究人员展示了保护自然恢复的次生林以阻止和扭转生物多样性丧失的巨大潜力。

据悉，联合国生态系统恢复十年旨在阻止生物多样性的丧失。大约60%的热带森林已经丧失或严重退化，因此恢复森林对于实现保护目标至关重要。树木的恢复轨迹已经得到了深入的研究，但缺乏对生物多样性恢复的全面认识。

附：英文原文

Title: Biodiversity resilience in a tropical rainforest

Author: Metz, Timo, Farwig, Nina, Dormann, Carsten F., Schaefer, H. Martin, Guevara Andino, Juan E., Brehm, Gunnar, Burneo, Santiago, Chao, Anne, Chazdon, Robin L., Colwell, Robert K., Diniz, Ugo M., Donoso, David A., Endara, Mara-Jos, Erazo, Santiago, Escobar, Sebastin, Falcon-Lpez, Ana, Feldhaar, Heike, Villamarin, Mishell Garcia, Grella, Nina, Heer, Katrin, Heethoff, Michael, Keller, Alexander, Landim, Anna R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Lopez, Eva Tamargo, Marn-Armijos, Diego, Mller, Jrg, Neira-Salamea, Karla, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Pedersen, Karen M., Rdel, Mark-Oliver, Schleuning, Matthias, Schmitt, Thomas, Staab, Michael, Tartara, Arianna, Tinoco, Boris A., Tremlett, Constance J., Tschapka, Marco, Unsicker, Sybille, Villa-Galaviz, Edith, Blthgen, Nico

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-08

Abstract: The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to stop biodiversity losses1. Approximately 60% of tropical forests have already been lost or severely degraded2, making restoration essential to achieve conservation goals. Recovery trajectories of trees have been studied intensively3,4, but a comprehensive understanding of biodiversity recovery is lacking. Here we analyse recovery trajectories across trophic levels including 16 taxonomic groups from three kingdoms in a lowland tropical forest by investigating resistance to perturbation, recovery times and return rates to old-growth forest conditions. Abundance and diversity regained more than 90% and composition approximately 75% similarity to old-growth forests within 30years, but full recovery takes several decades. Mobile animal communities acting as seed dispersers or pollinators had high resistance levels and recovered faster than trees or tree seedlings. Return rates contributed 1–2.5 times more than resistance to the recovery times of species composition. Taxon-specific recovery times could not be explained by simple mechanisms (life-history strategies, trophic level or mobility). We show the enormous potential of protecting naturally recovering secondary forests to stop and reverse biodiversity losses.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10365-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10365-2