中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心何祖华团队取得一项新突破。他们研制了水稻免疫模块的非对称选择与抗病性的重建。相关论文发表在2026年4月8日出版的《自然》杂志上。

本研究鉴定了水稻（Oryza sativa）核苷酸结合位点和富亮氨酸重复序列（NLR）受体XA48以及下游转录因子OsVOZ1和OsVOZ2 (OsVOZ1/2)，这些转录因子赋予了水稻对细菌性枯萎病的抗性。XA48感知古代病原体效应物XopG，通过降解负调节因子OsVOZ1/2激活效应物触发的免疫。XA48–OsVOZ1A模块经历了亚种特异性选择：Xa48仅在籼稻中保留，在粳稻中丢失。

相比之下，OsVOZ1已经分化成两个单倍型——O型。籼稻保留了与Xa48兼容的OsVOZ1A/S等位基因，而粳稻只有OsVOZ1A等位基因。由于XA48–OsVOZ1A介导的免疫不相容，将XA48重新引入粳稻严重影响产量。将XA48介导的效应触发免疫与XA21介导的模式触发免疫叠加，重建野生水稻的广谱抗性。因此，他们的研究揭示了nlr转录因子模块的不对称选择如何影响抗病性和生殖发育，为利用野生水稻的相对免疫力来培育作物提供了一种策略。

研究人员表示，人工选择极大地塑造了作物的农艺性状；然而，如何选择免疫的机制基础仍不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Asymmetric selection of a rice immune module and rebuild of disease resistance

Author: Lin, Hui, Chen, Fudan, Cheng, Guanyun, Yan, Bingxiao, Yuan, Meng, Qiu, Jie, Lu, Yiduo, Suo, Mingzhe, Chen, Ying, Wang, Yijie, Cui, Kaixuan, Gong, Xiangyu, Liu, Shasha, Liu, Bofan, Liu, Jiyun, Wang, Jianjun, Li, Rongbai, Mao, Bizeng, Xu, Jianlong, Jeon, Jong-Seong, Huang, Xuehui, Han, Bin, Yang, Dong-Lei, Gao, Qifei, Xu, Haiming, Deng, Yiwen, Chen, Gongyou, He, Zuhua

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-08

Abstract: Artificial selection has greatly shaped crop agronomic traits1,2,3; however, the mechanistic basis of how immunity is selected remains unclear. Here we identify the Oryza sativa nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor XA48 and downstream transcription factors OsVOZ1 and OsVOZ2 (OsVOZ1/2), which confer resistance to bacterial blight. XA48 perceives the ancient pathogen effector XopG, activating effector-triggered immunity by degrading the negative regulator OsVOZ1/2. The XA48–OsVOZ1 module has undergone subspecies-specific selection: Xa48 is retained only in Oryza sativa indica and was lost in Oryza sativa japonica. By contrast, OsVOZ1 has diverged into two haplotypes—O. s. indica retains both OsVOZ1A/S alleles compatible with Xa48, whereas O. s. japonica has only OsVOZ1A. Reintroducing Xa48 into O. s. japonica severely compromises yield owing to the XA48–OsVOZ1A-mediated immune incompatibility. Stacking XA48-mediated effector-triggered immunity with XA21-mediated pattern-triggered immunity reconstitutes the broad-spectrum resistance from wild rice. Our study therefore reveals how asymmetric selection of an NLR–transcription factor module shapes disease resistance and reproductive development, providing a strategy for breeding crops by harnessing the relative immunity of wild rice.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10361-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10361-6