近日，浙江大学王勇团队报道了多功能介孔聚多巴胺纳米马达的多金属酸氧定向界面组装。该研究于2026年4月7日发表在《国家科学评论》杂志上。

聚多巴胺（PDA）是一种以其生物相容性和粘附性著称的多功能材料，但其固有的化学惰性限制了更广泛的功能应用。

研究组报道了一种一锅法、多金属氧酸盐（POM）介导的乳液策略，用于合成具有可控各向异性形貌和集成功能的杂化介孔PDA（HMP）纳米结构。硅钨酸（H?SiW）引导了P123/1,3,5-三甲苯（TMB）/多巴胺复合胶束的形成，同时稳定乳液、调节界面张力并模板化多级结构。这种组装路径使得从各向同性纳米球到开放空腔或碗状结构的形貌可编程演化成为可能。嵌入的POMs在PDA骨架内保持分子级分散且具有化学活性，这直接赋予了材料增强的抗菌功能。

除了结构复杂性之外，这些HMPs还能由化学反应驱动，从而可用作人工纳米马达。作为概念验证应用，负载铂的HMPs在过氧化氢燃料下表现出自驱动运动，并能有效穿透和破坏耐药菌生物被膜。负载达托霉素的纳米马达几乎完全根除了耐药金黄色葡萄球菌生物被膜。这项工作建立了一种通用的界面共组装方法，可将惰性PDA转化为多功能纳米器件，推动了用于生物医学和催化应用的智能材料的发展。

附：英文原文

Title: Polyoxometalate-directed interfacial assembly of multifunctional mesoporous polydopamine nanomotors

Author: Chen, Chunhong, Wang, Lihua, Yang, Yu, Wang, Tengjin, Li, Ting, Zhang, Hao, Liang, Ruizheng, Wang, Lianhui, Wang, Yong

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-07

Abstract: Polydopamine (PDA) is a versatile material known for its biocompatibility and adhesive properties, yet its intrinsic chemical inertness limits broader functional applications. Here, we report a one-pot polyoxometalate (POM)-mediated emulsion strategy for synthesizing hybrid mesoporous PDA (HMP) nanostructures with controllable anisotropic morphology and integrated functionality. Silicotungstic acid (H4SiW) directs the formation of P123/1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB)/dopamine composite micelles, simultaneously stabilizing the emulsion, modulating interfacial tension, and templating hierarchical structures. This assembly pathway enables programmable shape evolution from isotropic nanospheres to open-cavity or bowl-shaped architectures. The embedded POMs remain molecularly dispersed and chemically active within the PDA framework, which directly endows the material with enhanced antibacterial functionality. Beyond structural sophistication, these HMPs can be driven by chemical reaction, enabling their use as artificial nanomotors. As a proof-of-concept application, Pt-loaded HMPs demonstrate self-propelled motion under H2O2 fuel and effective penetration and disruption of drug-resistant bacterial biofilms. Daptomycin-loaded nanomotors achieve near-complete eradication of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. This work establishes a generalizable interfacial co-assembly approach for transforming inert PDA into multifunctional nanodevices, advancing the development of intelligent materials for biomedical and catalytic applications.

DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwag214

Source: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwag214