受精卵中分离的亲本原核之间的细胞质竞争，这一成果由染色体分离实验室Tomoya S. Kitajima研究组经过不懈努力而取得。2026年4月29日，国际知名学术期刊《自然》发表了这一成果。

结合单母受精卵操作、定量成像和理论方法，研究小组展示了细胞质介导的亲本原核之间的竞争机制，确保了发育潜力。这一机制限制了原核体积，防止了表观遗传标记的失调，包括三甲基化组蛋白的丢失。单核双亲本受精卵缺乏这种机制，导致发育速度减慢。这种低发育潜力可以通过基于竞争或基于药物的表观遗传标记恢复部分挽救。本研究提供了一种将受精与下一代发育潜力的建立联系起来的空间机制，强调了单核双亲本受精卵临床主题的注意事项。

据介绍，胚胎发生始于一个受精卵——一个具有两个原核的单细胞，分别包裹着母体和父亲的染色体。亲本染色体分离成不同的原核的功能意义仍未被探索，尽管事实上，一个原核双亲本受精卵在临床上是主题。

附：英文原文

Title: Cytoplasmic competition between separate parental pronuclei in zygotes

Author: Kyogoku, Hirohisa, Tarama, Mitsusuke, Matsuwaka, Masahiro, Mishina, Tappei, Harada, Akihito, Nakagawa, Reiko, Kumon, Mami, Shimizu, Yoshihiro, Ohkawa, Yasuyuki, Shibata, Tatsuo, Inoue, Azusa, Kitajima, Tomoya S.

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-29

Abstract: Embryogenesis begins with a zygote—a single cell with two pronuclei that separately enclose maternal and paternal chromosomes. The functional significance of the separation of parental chromosomes into distinct pronuclei remains unexplored, despite the fact that one-pronuclear biparental zygotes are used clinically1,2,3. Here, using a combination of mouse zygote manipulation, quantitative imaging and theoretical approaches, we show a cytoplasm-mediated competition mechanism between separate parental pronuclei that ensures developmental potential. This mechanism limits pronuclear volume and prevents epigenetic mark dysregulation, including loss of trimethylated histones. One-pronuclear biparental zygotes lack this mechanism, resulting in a reduced rate of development to term. This low developmental potential can be partially rescued by competition-based or drug-based restoration of epigenetic marks. This study provides a spatial mechanism linking fertilization to the establishment of the full developmental potential for the next generation, highlighting caveats in clinical use of one-pronuclear biparental zygotes.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10417-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10417-7