近日，哈尔滨工业大学董永康团队研究了高精度频移测量的广义多普勒效应。相关论文于2026年4月13日发表在《光：科学与应用》杂志上。

激光多普勒效应可实现多种精密测量。然而，其传统实现形式——包括线性、旋转和矢量多普勒效应——历来被视为孤立现象；同时，由于仅依赖单一可控参数，这些方法的精度从根本上受限于可实现的频移大小。

研究组报道了一种广义多普勒效应，它克服了上述局限性并提高了计量精度。这种效应源于自旋-轨道耦合产生的定制化矢量偏振双涡旋场与运动散射体之间的相互作用。通过这种方式，研究组在单次测量中同时观测到四种光谱特征：传统多普勒信号（DS）、多普勒偏振信号（DPS），以及两种新型多普勒偏振-涡旋信号（DPVS）。关键在于，具有偏振（m）和轨道角动量（|）耦合特性的先进DPVS信号产生了放大的频移，与传统DS和DPS方案相比，其相对测量精度分别提升了κ₁(1+|m|/|)和κ₂(1+|/|m|)倍。

此外，这些频移所固有的方向模糊性可以通过对初始偏振偏移或分析器角度差进行相位分析来消除。该广义框架不仅统一了以往的多普勒公式，还为大幅提升多普勒计量学提供了一条潜在途径，有望在高分辨率流体涡度成像、定量血流动力学监测以及下一代激光雷达系统中实现前所未有的精度。

附：英文原文

Title: Generalized Doppler effect for high-accuracy frequency shift measurement

Author: Zhang, Yanxiang, Ba, Dexin, Yang, Yang, Dong, Yongkang

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-13

Abstract: Laser Doppler effect enables a wide range of precision measurements. However, its traditional implementations, including linear, rotational, and vectorial forms, have historically been treated as isolated phenomena, and meanwhile, their accuracy is fundamentally limited by the achievable frequency shift magnitude due to single controllable parameter. Here, we report a generalized Doppler effect that overcomes these limitations and enhances metrological accuracy. Such effect arises when tailored vectorially polarized dual-vortex fields derived from spin-orbit coupling interact with moving scatterers. In doing so, we observe four simultaneous spectral signatures in a single measurement, including conventional Doppler signal (DS), Doppler polarization signal (DPS), and two novel Doppler polarization-vortex signals (DPVSs). Crucially, the advanced DPVSs with coupled polarization (m) and orbital angular momentum (), produce amplified frequency shifts that enhance relative measurement accuracy by factors scaling as κ1(1+|m|/) and κ2(1+/|m|), compared with conventional DS and DPS schemes. Furthermore, directional ambiguity inherent to these shifts can be resolved via phase analysis of either initial polarization offset or analyzer angle difference. Our generalized framework not merely unifies previous Doppler formulations but offers a potential pathway to substantially improved Doppler metrology, enabling unprecedented accuracy in high-resolution fluid vorticity mapping, quantitative hemodynamic monitoring, and next-generation LiDAR systems.

DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02259-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-026-02259-9