近日，德国马克斯-普朗克太空物理学研究所K. Dennerl团队确定了太阳系对软X射线天空的贡献。该项研究成果发表在2026年4月16日出版的《科学》杂志上。

太阳风带电粒子与日球层内的弥散气体相互作用，产生软X射线。这一太阳风电荷交换（SWCX）过程会产生前景发射，干扰对X射线观测数据的解读。

研究组分析了由“光谱—伦琴—伽马”（SRG）航天器上的扩展伦琴巡天成像望远镜阵列（eROSITA）仪器对银河系西部半球进行的X射线观测。这些数据避免了地球地冕的污染，来源于四次全天巡天观测，其中包括太阳活动周极小期。研究组确定了SWCX的贡献并将其从巡天数据中扣除，从而提供了受污染更少的弥散软X射线天空视图。此外，他们还证明，X射线可用于绘制星际物质在太阳系中的流动图景。

附：英文原文

Title: Determination of the Solar System contribution to the soft x-ray sky

Author: K. Dennerl, G. Ponti, X. Zheng, M. J. Freyberg, S. Friedrich, Th. Müller, M. C. H. Yeung

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-16

Abstract: Solar wind charged particles interact with diffuse gas within the heliosphere, producing soft x-rays. This solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) process produces foreground emission that complicates interpretation of x-ray observations. In this work, we analyze x-ray observations of the western Galactic hemisphere by the Extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) instrument on the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) spacecraft. These data avoid contamination by Earth’s geocorona and are derived from four surveys of the full sky, including during the minimum of the Sun’s activity cycle. We determine the SWCX contribution and subtract it from the survey, providing a less contaminated view of the diffuse soft x-ray sky. We also demonstrate that x-rays can be used to map the flow of interstellar matter through the Solar System.

DOI: adt9147

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt9147