近日，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院Konrad Viebahn团队报道了在动态光学晶格中使用量子比特双元保护量子门。相关论文于2026年4月8日发表在《自然》杂志上。

量子计算是现代科学的一项核心挑战。光学晶格中的中性原子已成为领先的计算平台，其中碰撞门为量子逻辑提供了一种稳定的机制。然而，先前的实验将超冷碰撞视为一个动态精细调节的过程，这掩盖了对于实现本质鲁棒操作至关重要的底层量子几何与量子统计特性。

研究组提出并实验展示了一种纯几何的双量子比特交换门，其实现方式是在动态光学晶格中瞬时占据费米子原子的双占据态。这些双占据态的存在，连同费米子交换反对称性，使得产生双粒子量子和乐（一种无动力学相位的几何演化）成为可能。这产生了一种对约束势的涨落和不均匀性具有内在保护机制的门操作。该门的鲁棒性还通过哈密顿量的时间反演对称性和手征对称性得到进一步增强。

研究组实验验证了这种非凡的保护性，在由超过17,000个原子对组成的整个系统中测量得到了99.91(7)%的损失校正振幅保真度。结合近期发展的用于原子输运的拓扑泵浦方法，该结果为大规模、高连接度的量子处理器铺平了道路。这项工作引入了一种新的量子逻辑模型，将包括量子统计在内的基本对称性转化为容错计算的强大资源。

附：英文原文

Title: Protected quantum gates using qubit doublons in dynamical optical lattices

Author: Kiefer, Yann, Zhu, Zijie, Fischer, Lars, Jele, Samuel, Gchter, Marius, Bisson, Giacomo, Viebahn, Konrad, Esslinger, Tilman

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-08

Abstract: Quantum computing represents a central challenge in modern science. Neutral atoms in optical lattices have emerged as a leading computing platform, with collisional gates offering a stable mechanism for quantum logic1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. However, previous experiments have treated ultracold collisions as a dynamically fine-tuned process11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22, which obscures the underlying quantum geometry and quantum statistics crucial for realizing intrinsically robust operations. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a purely geometric two-qubit SWAP gate by transiently populating qubit doublon states of fermionic atoms in a dynamical optical lattice. The presence of these doublon states, together with fermionic exchange anti-symmetry, enables a two-particle quantum holonomy—a geometric evolution in which dynamical phases are absent23. This yields a gate mechanism that is intrinsically protected against fluctuations and inhomogeneities of the confining potentials. The resilience of the gate is further reinforced by time-reversal and chiral symmetries of the Hamiltonian. We experimentally validate this exceptional protection, achieving a loss-corrected amplitude fidelity of 99.91(7)% measured across the entire system consisting of more than 17,000 atom pairs. When combined with recently developed topological pumping methods for atom transport16, our results pave the way for large-scale, highly connected quantum processors. This work introduces a new model for quantum logic that transforms fundamental symmetries, including quantum statistics, into a powerful resource for fault-tolerant computation.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10285-1

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10285-1