近日，中国科学院广州地球化学研究所黄彤宇团队研究了青藏高原生长过程中两次岩石圈逆冲拆离的地表响应。该研究于2026年3月3日发表在《地质学》杂志上。

造山高原生长与气候变化之间的相互作用对地球演化起着关键塑造作用，这种互动在青藏高原表现最为显著，为人们探索高原隆升过程中构造作用如何与地表过程耦合提供了独特契机。通过碎屑锆石和磷灰石物源分析发现，冈底斯弧区域山间盆地内的林周和乌郁沉积中心分别记录了约60-48百万年和31-0百万年以来相似的古水系与地表演化历史。两处剖面中碎屑锆石和磷灰石组合从古老复杂（多旋回）来源转变为以70百万年后来源为主，表明外部物源供给减少，这很可能因地表隆升形成的高起伏地形阻隔了远源上游水系所致。

大量同沉积期锆石和磷灰石记录了约54-51百万年和15-8百万年期间的快速剥露事件，随后物源恢复为含多旋回锆石的古老（70百万年前）来源，暗示了因沉降作用导致远源上游水系重新活化。冈底斯弧盆地这两个地点相似的地表隆升与沉降历史，最佳解释分别为新特提斯洋板片断离和印度大陆岩石圈断离，这与碎屑锆石铕异常所揭示的地壳减薄记录相吻合。岩石圈拆沉导致软流圈上涌，解除了拉萨地块下方的板片下拉力，引发岩浆作用和地表隆升，随后伴随持续俯冲作用发生地表沉降。由此，这两幕岩石圈断离事件导致了两个相似的古海拔变化旋回。

附：英文原文

Title: The surface response to two episodes of lithosphere underthrusting and detachment during Tibetan Plateau growth

Author: Er-Kun Xue, Qiang Wang, David Chew, Wei-Wei Xue, Wang-Chao Li, Tong-Yu Huang

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-03

Abstract: Interactions between orogenic plateau growth and environmental change, which play a key role in shaping Earth, are most pronounced in the Tibetan Plateau, affording the opportunity to explore how tectonics is coupled to surface processes during plateau uplift. The Linzhou and Wuyu depocenters of the regional intermontane basin in the Gangdese arc record a similar paleodrainage and surface evolution at ca. 6048 Ma and 310 Ma, respectively, as detected by detrital zircon and apatite provenance analysis. A switch in detrital zircon and apatite populations from old and complex (polycyclic) to predominantly post70 Ma sources in both sections highlights a decrease in sediment supply from external sources, likely caused by high-relief topography arising from surface uplift blocking distal headwaters. Abundant syndepositional zircon and apatite document rapid exhumation at ca. 5451 Ma and 158 Ma, respectively, followed by a return to old (pre70 Ma) sources with polycyclic zircon implying reactivated distal headwaters due to subsidence. The similar surface uplift and subsidence histories of the two locations in the Gangdese arc basin can be best explained by detachment of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab and Indian continental lithosphere, respectively, consistent with crustal thinning documented by Eu anomalies in detrital zircon. Lithospheric foundering led to asthenospheric upwelling and removed downward slab pull beneath Lhasa, triggering magmatism and uplift followed by surface subsidence linked to ongoing underthrusting. Consequently, two similar episodes of paleoelevation variations resulted from these two phases of lithospheric detachment.

DOI: 10.1130/G54475.1

Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/doi/10.1130/G54475.1/727110/The-surface-response-to-two-episodes-ofredirectedFrom=fulltext