该课题组展示并分析了来自南美洲六个国家的1094只达氏按蚊的全基因组数据（中位测序深度为18倍）。研究人员观察到深层的地理群体结构，高遗传多样性（包括13个假定的分离反转），尽管种群间差异很大，但没有证据表明存在同域隐分类群。强烈的选择信号可能是由杀虫剂驱动的，特别是在细胞色素P450基因上。他们的研究结果将促进有效的蚊子监测和控制，同时强调多样化媒介对西半球消除疟疾构成的持续挑战。
据悉，疟疾在南美洲仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题。达氏按蚊（Nyssorhynchthem）是拉丁美洲热带地区最重要的疟疾病媒。以病媒为目标的疾病控制工作需要彻底了解蚊子的人口统计和进化模式。
附：英文原文
Title: Population genomics of Anopheles darlingi, the principal South American malaria vector mosquito
Author: Jacob A. Tennessen, Raphael Brosula, Estelle Chabanol, Sara Bickersmith, Angela M. Early, Margaret Laws, Katrina A. Kelley, Maria Eugenia Grillet, Dionicia Gamboa, Eric R. Lucas, Jean-Bernard Duchemin, Martha L. Quiones, Maria Anice Mureb Sallum, Eduardo S. Bergo, Jorge E. Moreno, Sanjay Nagi, Nicholas J. Arisco, Mohini Sooklall, Reza Niles-Robin, Marcia C. Castro, Horace Cox, Mathilde Gendrin, Jan E. Conn, Daniel E. Neafsey
Issue&Volume: 2026-03-26
Abstract: Malaria in South America remains a serious public health problem. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi is the most important malaria vector across tropical Latin America. Vector-targeted disease control efforts require a thorough understanding of mosquito demographic and evolutionary patterns. We present and analyze whole genomes of 1094 An. darlingi (median depth 18x) from six South American countries. We observe deep geographic population structure, high genetic diversity including 13 putative segregating inversions, and no evidence for sympatric cryptic taxa despite high interpopulation divergence. Strong signals of selection are plausibly driven by insecticides, especially on cytochrome P450 genes. Our results will facilitate effective mosquito surveillance and control while highlighting ongoing challenges that a diverse vector poses for malaria elimination in the Western hemisphere.
DOI: adw9761
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw9761