近日，福建师范大学岳楷团队报道了森林、草原和高山山顶的热利用对比。该研究于2026年3月18日发表在《自然》杂志上。

气候变暖正驱动生物群落发生演替，喜热物种逐渐占据优势而冷适应物种持续衰退，这一过程被称为喜热化。由于生物多样性响应常滞后于气候变暖，全球诸多生态系统正累积"气候债务"。尽管预期不同生境的喜热化进程与气候债务存在差异，但跨生态系统的标准化量化研究仍属空白。

研究组分析了欧洲森林、草地及高山顶6,067个植被样地12至78年间的复测数据，发现森林林下与草地植物群落呈现正向喜热化趋势（虽未显著偏离零值），而高山顶植被的喜热化强度高达前者的五倍且具显著性。驱动机制解析表明：草地群落主要源于喜热物种增加，高山顶源于冷适应物种减少，森林则同时受两种过程影响。森林与高山顶已累积显著气候债务（与宏观气候变幅正相关），而草地债务水平较低。该研究揭示了不同生态系统间分异的喜热化轨迹与加剧的气候债务，阐明部分群落能够更紧密追踪气候变化的机制，为预测气候加速变暖背景下植物群落演变格局提供科学依据。

附：英文原文

Title: Contrasting thermophilization among forests, grasslands and alpine summits

Author: Yue, Kai, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Waller, Donald M., Verheyen, Kris, Bernhardt-Rmermann, Markus, Baeten, Lander, Staude, Ingmar R., Bjorkman, Anne D., Hdl, Radim, Andrews, Christopher, Barni, Elena, Becker, Thomas, Becker-Scarpitta, Antoine, Benito-Alonso, Jos-Luis, Bennie, Jonathan, Berki, Imre, Blml, Volker, Brunet, Jrg, Bullock, James M., Van Calster, Hans, Carbognani, Michele, Chudomelov, Markta, Closset-Kopp, Dborah, Dan Turtureanu, Pavel, Daskalova, Gergana N., Decocq, Guillaume, Dick, Jan, Diekmann, Martin, Dirnbck, Thomas, Durak, Tomasz, Eriksson, Ove, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Graae, Bente Jessen, Heinken, Thilo, Hermy, Martin, Horchler, Peter, Jandt, Ute, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Kanka, Rbert, Kollr, Jozef, Kopeck, Martin, Kudernatsch, Thomas, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lenoir, Jonathan, Macek, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Mli, Frantiek, Michelsen, Ottar, Mitchell, Fraser, Naaf, Tobias, Nagel, Thomas A., Newman, Miles, Newton, Adrian C., Nicklas, Lena, Oddi, Ludovica, Orczewska, Anna, Orsenigo, Simone, Ortmann-Ajkai, Adrienne, Ouden, Jan den, Pauli, Harald, Peterken, George, Petk, Petr, Pielech, Remigiusz, Puca, Mihai, Randin, Christophe, Reczyska, Kamila, Rixen, Christian

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-18

Abstract: Climate warming is shifting biological communities, with warmth-demanding species being favoured at the expense of cold-adapted species in a process referred to as thermophilization1,2,3,4. Because biodiversity responses often lag behind climate warming, climatic debts are accumulating in many ecosystems across the world5,6,7. Although we might expect that thermophilization and climatic debts will vary among habitats, standardized quantification across ecosystems is lacking. Here we analysed multidecadal data from 6,067 resurveyed vegetation plots over 12–78years in forests, grasslands and on alpine summits across Europe. We demonstrate that forest understory and grassland plant communities experienced positive thermophilization, although not significantly different from zero. By contrast, alpine summit vegetation showed much stronger (up to five times) and significant thermophilization. Thermophilization was driven largely by increases in warmth-demanding species in grasslands, by declines in cold-adapted species on alpine summits and by both processes in forests. Significant climatic debts have accumulated in forests and alpine summits, but less so in grasslands, with debts positively correlated with macroclimate temperature changes. Our findings uncover divergent thermophilization trajectories and increasing climatic debts across ecosystems. Moreover, we highlight the mechanisms that enable some communities to track climate change more closely than others and provide a basis for projecting future shifts in plant communities under accelerating climate warming.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09622-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09622-7