近日，中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所Wang, Xiaoli团队研究了中国东部陆海温差变化及其与极端降水的关系。2026年3月16日出版的《中国地理科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

海陆温差是海陆界面热力对比的关键指标，其变化驱动水循环加速、增强大气保水能力，并可能引发极端降水事件，从而对区域乃至全球气候格局产生深远影响。

研究组利用2001至2021年中分辨率成像光谱仪遥感数据与气象站观测资料，探讨了中国东部及其自海岸线向陆海延伸100公里、200公里和300公里三个缓冲区的海陆温差与极端降水的时空特征及相互关系。结果表明：中国东部海陆温差总体呈负值，且越靠近海岸线的缓冲区温差越小；海陆温差变化普遍呈下降趋势，其中100公里缓冲区降幅最为显著。空间上，北纬26°以北地区海陆温差呈明显上升趋势，而该界线以南则呈下降趋势。中国东部地区年均极端湿日降水量和年均极端强降水日数呈不显著上升趋势，其中长三角城市群增幅最为突出。

持续干燥日数主要呈不显著减少趋势，而持续湿润日数仅在东海北部沿岸地区呈现显著增加趋势。中国东部海陆温差普遍与极端湿日降水量和极端强降水日数呈正相关，显著正相关区域主要分布于渤海北部海域及北纬30°以南地区。此外，海陆温差与持续干燥日数总体呈负相关，与持续湿润日数呈正相关，但这两者在东部地区均未达到显著水平。这些发现为理解中国东部陆海增暖差异特征及其对极端降水的影响提供了新视角，为陆海过渡带气候变化的减缓与适应提供了重要参考。

附：英文原文

Title: Variation of Land-sea Temperature Difference and Its Relationship with Extreme Precipitation in Eastern China

Author: Dong, Lijie, Wang, Xiaoli, Titchenko, Yuriy, Hou, Xiyong, Gui, Feng

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-16

Abstract: The land-sea temperature difference (LSTD) serves as a pivotal indicator of thermal contrast in the land-sea interface. Variations in this difference drive an acceleration of the water cycle, increase atmospheric moisture retention, and potentially trigger extreme precipitation events, thereby exerting a profound influence on both regional and global climatic patterns. In this study, Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing data and meteorological station observations spanning from 2001 to 2021 are employed to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of LSTD and extreme precipitation, as well as the relationships between them in eastern China and its three buffer zones of 100 km, 200 km and 300 km from the coastline to the land and sea. Results indicate that the LSTD was generally negative in eastern China, with the difference becoming smaller in the buffer zone as it approached the coastline. The variation in LSTD displayed a prevalent downward trend, and the most substantial decline was observed within the 100 km buffer zone. Spatially, the LSTD demonstrated a distinct upward trend north of 26°N, contrasting with a downward trend observed south of this latitudinal boundary. In eastern China, both the very wet day precipitation (R95p) and the number of extremely heavy precipitation days (R25) exhibited a non-significant upward trend, with the most pronounced increase occurring in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Consecutive dry days (CDD) primarily showed a non-significant decreasing trend, while consecutive wet days (CWD) were characterized as a considerable upward trend only in the coastal area of the northern East China Sea. LSTD commonly correlated positively with R95p and R25 in eastern China, and the regions with significant positive correlation were mainly located in the northern Bohai Sea area and south of 30°N. Moreover, LSTD generally exhibited a negative correlation with CDD and a positive correlation with CWD, but neither correlation was significant in eastern China. These findings offer new insights into the characteristics of land-sea warming disparities and their impacts on precipitation extremes in eastern China, providing crucial references for mitigating and adapting to climate change in this transitional zone between land and sea.

DOI: 10.1007/s11769-026-1598-6

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11769-026-1598-6