近日，四川大学林紫锋团队报道了全循环溶剂电解质设计实现超低温和快速充电钠离子电池。相关论文于2026年3月11日发表在《德国应用化学》杂志上。

传统钠离子电池电解质通常由环状碳酸酯和链状碳酸酯混合组成，但在低温下面临溶剂结晶和钠离子传输迟缓的关键挑战。

研究组开发了一种低成本的全环状溶剂电解质体系，通过将环状醚类（四氢呋喃THF和环戊基甲醚CPME）逐步引入高极性环状碳酸酯（碳酸丙烯酯PC和碳酸乙烯酯EC）中，实现了对钠离子溶剂化结构的系统性重构。高极性环状碳酸酯与低极性环状醚之间的竞争配位作用形成了富含阴离子的溶剂化环境，同时抑制了电解质结晶并降低了钠离子去溶剂化能。优化后的电解质兼具高离子电导率、超低凝固点（<−130°C）和优异界面稳定性，展现出卓越的综合性能：超高倍率性能（50C倍率下容量保持89.9 mAh g^-1）、极端低温适应性（−70°C时容量保持率57%）以及超长循环寿命（>10000次循环）。

通过26700圆柱电池验证了其实际应用潜力，该电池在室温下可稳定循环2000次以上，并在−40°C保持稳定性能。在热滥用和针刺等滥用条件下，电池展现出高安全性。该设计策略可推广至其他全环状溶剂体系，为开发低成本、快充电、超低温钠离子电池提供了普适性解决方案。

附：英文原文

Title: All-Cyclic-Solvent Electrolyte Design Enables Ultra-Low-Temperature and Fast-Charging Sodium-Ion Batteries

Author: Zongbin Luo, Linyu Hu, Yong Ye, Guoliang Ma, Yu Ding, Xinming Fan, Chunlong Dai, Zifeng Lin

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-11

Abstract: Conventional sodium-ion battery (SIB) electrolytes are typically composed of mixed cyclic and linear carbonates, which face critical challenges at low temperatures, including solvent crystallization and sluggish Na+ transport. In this work, we developed a low-cost, all-cyclic-solvent electrolyte in which cyclic ethers, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), are gradually introduced into the high-polarity cyclic carbonates, propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC), systematically reconstructing the Na+ solvation structure. Competitive coordination between the high-polarity cyclic carbonates and low-polarity cyclic ethers generates an anion-rich solvation environment, simultaneously suppressing electrolyte crystallization and lowering Na+ desolvation energy. The optimized electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity, an ultralow freezing point (< 130°C), and excellent interfacial stability, enabling outstanding performance, including ultra-fast charging (89.9 mAh g1 at 50 C), extreme low-temperature operation (57% capacity retention at 70°C), and ultra-long cycling stability (>10000 cycles). Its practical applicability was further validated using 26700 cylindrical cells, which demonstrated stable cycling for over 2000 cycles at room temperature and maintained stable performance at 40°C. The cells exhibited high safety under abuse conditions, including thermal abuse and nail penetration. This design strategy can be generalized to other all-cyclic-solvent systems, providing a universal approach for low-cost, fast-charging, ultralow-temperature SIBs.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202521433

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202521433