快速进化预示着极度干旱后种群数量得以恢复，这一成果由不列颠哥伦比亚大学
在此，小组将特大干旱时期猩红猴面花（Mimulthem cardinalis）的快速进化与种群动态联系起来。课题组人员利用55个种群的全基因组测序来确定与气候相关的位点。同时监测了干旱期间种群动态与等位基因频率的变化。。研究发现，干旱期间该物种分布区范围内种群数量普遍下降，快速进化呈现地理差异，种群恢复程度存在差异，而这种恢复能力可通过气候相关位点的现有遗传变异及其快速进化特征进行预测。这些发现证明了在野外进化拯救的可能性，表明适应性位点的遗传变异，而不是中性位点，预测了种群的恢复。
据了解，由于气候变化导致的种群减少可能需要进化才能持续下去。尽管进化救援已经在理论和实验室中得到证实，但它与面临气候变化的自然种群的相关性仍然未知。
附：英文原文
Title: Rapid evolution predicts demographic recovery after extreme drought
Author: Daniel N. Anstett, Julia Anstett, Seema N. Sheth, Dylan R. Moxley, Haley A. Branch, Mojtaba Jahani, Kaichi Huang, Marco Todesco, Rebecca Jordan, Jose Miguel Lazaro-Guevara, Loren H. Rieseberg, Amy L. Angert
Issue&Volume: 2026-03-12
Abstract: Populations that are declining as a result of climate change may need to evolve to persist. Although evolutionary rescue has been demonstrated in theory and in the laboratory, its relevance to natural populations facing climate change remains unknown. Here we link rapid evolution and population dynamics in scarlet monkeyflower, Mimulus cardinalis, during exceptional drought. We leverage whole-genome sequencing across 55 populations to identify climate-associated loci. Simultaneously we track demography and allele frequency change throughout the drought. We establish range-wide population decline during the drought, geographically variable rapid evolution, and variable population recovery that is predictable by standing genetic variation in, and rapid evolution at, climate-associated loci. These findings demonstrate the possibility of evolutionary rescue in the wild, showing that genetic variation at adaptive, but not neutral, loci predicts population recovery.
DOI: adu0995
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu0995