近日，意大利国家研究委员会国家光学研究所Hai-Long Shi团队研究了多体量子相干和相关动力学的涨落定理。2026年2月23日出版的《物理评论A》杂志发表了这项成果。

涨落定理为非平衡动力学建立了精确关系，深刻推动了随机热力学领域的发展。

研究组将量子涨落定理从传统热力学框架拓展至量子多体信息动力学领域，其中系统与环境均为多体系统且不预设任何热力学约束。基于两点测量方案与经典概率论，研究组建立了经典多体互信息动力学的涨落定理。通过引入准概率概念，推导了多体相干性和量子关联的量子涨落定理，并以积分形式和细致形式予以呈现。通过三量子比特实例对理论结果进行阐释验证，并提出了可行的实验验证方案。这些发现揭示了非平衡量子信息动力学背后的统计结构，为量子技术发展提供了基础性认知与新型研究工具。

附：英文原文

Title: Fluctuation theorems for multipartite quantum coherence and correlation dynamics

Author: Kun Zhang, Mo-Yang Ni, Hai-Long Shi, Xiao-Hui Wang, Jin Wang

Issue&Volume: 2026/02/23

Abstract: Fluctuation theorems establish exact relations for nonequilibrium dynamics, profoundly advancing the field of stochastic thermodynamics. In this work, we extend quantum fluctuation theorems beyond the traditional thermodynamic framework to quantum multipartite information dynamics, where both the system and the environment are multipartite without assuming any thermodynamic constraints. Based on the two-point measurement scheme and the classical probability, we establish the fluctuation theorem for the dynamics of classical multipartite mutual information. By extending to quasiprobability, we derive quantum fluctuation theorems for multipartite coherence and quantum correlations, presenting them in both integral and detailed forms. Our theoretical results are illustrated and verified using three-qubit examples, and feasible experimental verification protocols are proposed. These findings uncover the statistical structure underlying the nonequilibrium quantum information dynamics, providing fundamental insights and alternative tools for advancing quantum technologies.

DOI: 10.1103/sgmk-bdjy

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/sgmk-bdjy