图卢兹大学Ludovic Orlando小组的一项最新研究开发出了俄罗斯征服雅库特的古代DNA视角。相关论文于2026年1月7日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《自然》杂志上。

在这里，小组生成了广泛的古代DNA数据，以阐明雅库特基因组多样性和口腔微生物组的当代变化。课题组研究人员发现雅库特人的起源可以追溯到当地人口，随着大蒙古帝国的扩张，他们与跨贝加尔湖的人群混合在一起。尽管罗马人征服了雅库特人，但雅库特人的基因库和口腔微生物群似乎基本稳定，尽管大约在1650年，天花菌株与欧洲记载的不同。婚姻习俗普遍保持着低血缘关系，除了一名带有传统萨满教最新标志的女性，她是二级亲属的女儿。

据介绍，来自西伯利亚东北部的雅库特人居住在地球上最寒冷的环境中，保存着非凡的考古记录。罗马人的征服深刻地改变了他们的历史，从1632年开始，罗马人引入了谷物、病原体和基督教。然而，这些转变的生物学影响仍然未知。

附：英文原文

Title: An ancient DNA perspective on the Russian conquest of Yakutia

Author: Crubzy, ric, Guarino-Vignon, Perle, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Der Sarkissian, Clio, Hanghj, Kristian, Duchesne, Sylvie, Grard, Patrice, Thves, Catherine, Alcouffe, Ameline, Romanova, Liubomira, Nikolaeva, Daryia, Alekseeva, Lilia, Hochstrasser-Petit, Christiane, Zvnigorosky, Vincent, Keyser, Christine, Ludes, Bertrand, Petit, Michel, Dabernat, Henri, Graut, Annie, Jyrkov, Edouard, Sharaborin, Arkadiy, Kirianov, Nikolai, Tsydenova, Natalia, Dambueva, Irina, Bazarof, Boris, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-Franois, Bravina, Rosalia, Alexeev, Anatoly, Patin, tienne, Stpanoff, Charles, Quintana-Murci, Lluis, Orlando, Ludovic

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-07

Abstract: Yakut communities from northeastern Siberia inhabit some of the coldest environments on Earth, preserving an extraordinary archaeological record. Their history was profoundly reshaped by the Russian conquest, which introduced cereals, pathogens and Christianity beginning in 1632 (refs.1,2,3,4,5). However, the biological impact of these transformations remains unknown. Here we generated extensive ancient DNA data to elucidate contemporary changes in Yakut genomic diversity and oral microbiomes. We found Yakut origins tracing back to local populations that admixed with Trans-Baikal groups migrating as the Great Mongol Empire spread. Despite the Russian conquest, the Yakut gene pool and oral microbiomes appeared largely stable, although smallpox strains distinct from those documented in Europe by approximately 1650 circulated. Marital practices generally maintained low consanguinity, with the exception of one female bearing the latest markers of traditional shamanism, who was the daughter of second-degree relatives.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09856-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09856-5