近日，上海交通大学孙浩团队研究了高压无阳极钠硫电池。相关论文发表在2026年1月7日出版的《自然》杂志上。

室温钠硫（Na–S）电池凭借高元素丰度和理论电化学性能，为传统锂（Li）基系统提供了一种可持续的储能解决方案。然而，其实际应用受到放电电压低和需要大量过量的钠金属阳极的严重阻碍。

研究组报道了一种3.6 V级Na–S电池，该电池采用高价硫/四氯化硫（S/SCl₄）正极化学和无阳极配置。结果证明，在不易燃的氯铝酸盐电解质中，双氰胺钠（NaDCA）可同时实现可逆的S/SCl₄转化和钠的镀覆/剥离。基于包括正极和阳极在内的总电极质量计算，该设计可分别实现1,198 Wh kg⁻¹和23,773 W kg⁻¹的最大能量密度和功率密度。

此外，研究组通过在S正极中掺入铋配位的共价有机框架（Bi-COF）催化剂（负载量为8 wt%），实现了S/SCl₄转化的促进，该催化剂实现了令人印象深刻的放电容量1,206 mAh g_{（硫+催化剂）}⁻¹，基于总电极质量计算，最大能量密度达到2,021 Wh kg⁻¹。该无阳极Na–S电池预计成本为每千瓦时5.03美元，且具有出色的可扩展性，在电网储能和可穿戴电子设备方面展现出广阔前景。

附：英文原文

Title: High-voltage anode-free sodium–sulfur batteries

Author: Geng, Shitao, Yuan, Bin, Zhao, Xiaoju, Xu, Qiuchen, Wang, Yan, Ouyang, Zhaofeng, Tang, Shanshan, Wang, Shuo, Zhang, Chengxiao, Chen, Qianyun, Liao, Meng, Wang, Bingjie, Zhao, Chen, Jin, Weihua, Li, Zichuang, Ye, Tian-Nan, Gong, Xueqing, Peng, Huisheng, Sun, Hao

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-07

Abstract: Room-temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries offer a sustainable energy storage solution to conventional lithium (Li)-based systems1,2,3, owing to the high element abundances and theoretical electrochemical performance4,5. However, their practical applications have been severely hindered by the low discharge voltages and the need for largely excessive Na metal anode6,7,8. Here we report a 3.6 V class Na–S battery featuring a high-valence sulfur/sulfur tetrachloride (S/SCl4) cathode chemistry and anode-free configuration. We show that sodium dicyanamide (NaDCA) can simultaneously unlock reversible S/SCl4 conversion and Na plating/stripping in a non-flammable chloroaluminate electrolyte. This design enables the maximum energy and power densities of 1,198Whkg1 and 23,773Wkg1, respectively, calculated on the basis of the total electrode mass including both the cathode and the anode. Also, we demonstrate facilitated S/SCl4 conversion by incorporating a bismuth-coordinated covalent organic framework (Bi-COF) catalyst (8wt% loading) into the S cathode, which realizes an impressive discharge capacity of 1,206mAhg(sulfur+catalyst)1, contributing to a maximum energy density of 2,021Whkg1 calculated on the basis of the total electrode mass. With an estimated cost of US$5.03 per kWh and excellent scalability, our anode-free Na–S battery shows promise in grid energy storage and wearable electronics.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09867-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09867-2