近日，Hans Clevers及其小组报道了上皮张力控制肠细胞挤压。该项研究成果发表在2025年9月4日出版的《科学》上。

在这项研究中，该课题组发现收缩细胞之间的局部“拔河”竞争调节了肠上皮的外泌。课题组研究人员结合了定量活体显微镜，光遗传诱导组织张力，遗传扰动肌球蛋白II活性，以及局部破坏无主题肠和肠道类器官的基底皮质。这些方法揭示了动态肌动球蛋白网络在整个肠绒毛中产生张力，包括绒毛尖端区域。不能维持这种张力的机械弱细胞被取出。因此，上皮屏障的完整性取决于细胞间力学。

据介绍，细胞外移是肠上皮自我平衡更新的必要条件。这种现象被认为是由拥挤引起的肠绒毛顶端细胞的压缩引起的。

附：英文原文

Title: Epithelial tension controls intestinal cell extrusion

Author: Daniel Krueger, Willem Kasper Spoelstra, Dirk Jan Mastebroek, Rutger N. U. Kok, Shanie Wu, Mike Nikolaev, Marie Bannier-Hélaout, Nikolche Gjorevski, Matthias Lutolf, Johan van Es, Jeroen van Zon, Sander J. Tans, Hans Clevers

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-04

Abstract: Cell extrusion is essential for homeostatic self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Extrusion is thought to be triggered by crowding-induced compression of cells at the intestinal villus tip. In this study, we found instead that a local “tug-of-war” competition between contractile cells regulated extrusion in the intestinal epithelium. We combined quantitative live microscopy, optogenetic induction of tissue tension, genetic perturbation of myosin II activity, and local disruption of the basal cortex in mouse intestines and intestinal organoids. These approaches revealed that a dynamic actomyosin network generates tension throughout the intestinal villi, including the villus tip region. Mechanically weak cells unable to maintain this tension underwent extrusion. Thus, epithelial barrier integrity depends on intercellular mechanics.

DOI: adr8753

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr8753