近日，广西大学尹诗斌团队研究了甲酸铵电解质添加剂在水性锌离子电池中的作用：诱导Zn（002）沉积和抑制析氢。相关论文于2025年9月3日发表在《结构化学》杂志上。

水中锌离子电池（AZIB）由于金属锌的优点，包括高比容量(820 mAh g^-1)，低氧化还原电位（-0.76 V vs. SHE），固有安全性，低成本和环境可持续性。尽管有这些优点，AZIB面临着锌阳极不均匀沉积和过度析氢反应（HER）等挑战，这些挑战会降低电池的库仑效率和循环寿命。

研究组将甲酸铵（AF）添加剂引入2.0 M ZnSO₄电解质中来解决这些问题。AF添加剂促进Zn²⁺在阳极表面的三维快速扩散，诱导Zn（002）平面优先沉积，抑制枝晶生长，提高循环稳定性。它还会破坏电解质的氢键网络，减少活性H₂O分子的数量，抑制H₂O诱导的副反应。结果表明，加入AF添加剂的Zn||Zn对称电池在5.0 mA cm^-2下可稳定循环2100小时。面积容量为1.0 mAh cm^-2，并在30 mA cm^-2下保持9700次循环的稳定性。当应用于Zn||VO₂全电池时，它在2000次循环后实现了68.9%的容量保持率，表明AZIB的性能有了显著提高。

附：英文原文

Title: The role of ammonium formate electrolyte additive for aqueous zinc-ion batteries: Inducing Zn(002) deposition and suppressing hydrogen evolution

Author: anonymous

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-03

Abstract: Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries (AZIBs) are promising due to the advantages of metallic zinc, including the high specific capacity (820 mAh g1), low redox potential (–0.76 V vs. SHE), inherent safety, low cost, and environmental sustainability. Despite these benefits, AZIBs face challenges such as uneven Zn deposition and excessive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the Zn anode, which reduce the battery's coulombic efficiency and cycling life. This study introduces an ammonium formate (AF) additive into a 2.0 M ZnSO4 electrolyte to address these issues. The AF additive promotes a three-dimensional rapid diffusion of Zn2+ on the anode surface and induces the preferential Zn(002) plane deposition, thus inhibiting dendritic growth and enhancing cycling stability. It also disrupts the hydrogen bond network of electrolytes, reducing the number of active H2O molecules and suppressing H2O-induced side reactions. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with the AF additive shows stable cycling over 2100 hours at 5.0 mA cm2 with an areal capacity of 1.0 mAh cm2, and maintains stability over 9700 cycles at 30 mA cm2. When Applied in a Zn||VO2 full cell, it achieves capacity retention of 68.9% after 2000 cycles, demonstrating significant performance improvements in AZIBs.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100706

Source: http://cjsc.ac.cn/cms/issues/861