近日，巴拿马史密森尼热带研究所Aaron O’Dea团队揭示了2025年巴拿马太平洋上升流受到前所未有的抑制。2025年9月2日出版的《美国科学院院刊》杂志发表了这项成果。

每年1月至4月，巴拿马湾（GOP）的季节性上升流系统通过偏北的信风持续输送凉爽、营养丰富的海水，至少持续40年。

研究组记录了这种通常高度可预测的现象在2025年的失效。数据表明，巴拿马风急流的频率、持续时间和强度都有所减少，这可能与2024-2025年拉尼娜现象期间热带辐合带（ITCZ）的位置有关。尽管机制尚不清楚。然而，后果可能是严重的，包括渔业生产力的下降和对通常受益于上升流冷却的珊瑚的热压力加剧。这一事件强调了气候破坏如何威胁风力驱动的热带上升流系统，尽管它们对生态和沿海经济很重要，但对它们的监测和研究仍然很少。

附：英文原文

Title: Unprecedented suppression of Panama’s Pacific upwelling in 2025

Author: O’Dea, Aaron, Sellers, Andrew J., Pérez-Medina, Carmen, Pardo Díaz, Javier, Guzmán Bloise, Alexandra, Phlker, Christopher, Chiliński, Micha T., Aardema, Hedy M., Cybulski, Jonathan D., Heins, Lena, Paton, Steven R., Slagter, Hans A., Schiebel, Ralf, Haug, Gerald H.

Issue&Volume: 2025-9-2

Abstract: The Gulf of Panama’s (GOP) seasonal upwelling system has consistently delivered cool, nutrient-rich waters via northerly trade winds every January–April for at least 40 y. Here, we document the failure of this normally highly predictable phenomenon in 2025. Data suggest that the cause was a reduction in Panama wind-jet frequency, duration, and strength, possibly related to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) position during the 2024–2025 La Nia, though the mechanisms remain unclear. Nevertheless, the consequences are likely significant, including decreases in fisheries productivity and exacerbated thermal stress on corals that typically benefit from upwelling’s cooling. This event underscores how climate disruption can threaten wind-driven tropical upwelling systems, which remain poorly monitored and studied despite their importance to ecology and coastal economies.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2512056122

Source: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2512056122