近日，湘南学院邓海明团队研究了自旋轨道耦合玻色-玻色混合物中一维孤子的相变和动力学。2025年9月3日出版的《物理评论A》杂志发表了这项成果。

研究组探究了在自旋-轨道耦合作用下一维二元玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中孤子的形成、稳定性和动力学，以及对Gross-Pitaevskii方程基础系统的Lee-Huang-Yang （LHY）修正。他们确定了半偶极子（SD）族孤子，并彻底分析了它的性质。数值分析揭示了复杂的分岔，包括SD孤子的实值平稳波函数到复值平稳波函数的转换和范数相关的动力不稳定性。

孤子范数和相互作用强度平面上的稳定性图显示出单稳定性、振荡行为和孤子分裂的区域。由于LHY项的影响，具有复杂平稳波函数的孤子在宽参数区域出现基态。其他孤子种类，以混合模式（MM）的形式，不具有复杂分岔的特征。在LHY主导下，SD孤子和MM孤子在相同范数下表现出相同的能量值。这些结果加深了对非线性物质波态的理解，揭示了量子气体中的多稳定态。

附：英文原文

Title: Phase transitions and dynamics of one-dimensional solitons in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Bose mixtures

Author: Gui-hua Chen, Hongcheng Wang, Boris A. Malomed, Haiming Deng, Yongyao Li

Issue&Volume: 2025/09/03

Abstract: We investigate the formation, stability, and dynamics of solitons in a one-dimensional binary Bose-Einstein condensate under the action of the spin-orbit-coupling and Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction to the underlying system of the Gross-Pitaevskii equations. We identify the semi-dipole (SD) family of solitons and thoroughly analyze its properties. The numerical analysis reveals intricate bifurcations, including transitions from real to complex-valued stationary wave functions of the SD solitons and norm-dependent dynamical instabilities. Stability maps in the plane of the solitons' norm and interaction strength exhibit areas of monostability, oscillatory behavior, and soliton splitting. Solitons with complex stationary wave functions emerge as ground states in broad parameter areas due to the effects of the LHY terms. The other soliton species, in the form of mixed modes (MMs), do not feature the compexification bifurcation. In the LHY-dominated regime, the SD and MM solitons exhibit identical values of the energy for the same norm. The results deepen the understanding of nonlinear matter-wave states and reveal multistable ones in quantum gases.

DOI: 10.1103/by2l-653h

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/by2l-653h