近日，丹麦技术大学Ulrik L. Andersen团队研究了量子学习在可扩展光子平台上的优势。相关论文于2025年9月25日发表在《科学》杂志上。

量子技术的最新进展表明，量子系统可在特定任务中优于经典系统，这一概念被称为量子优势。尽管先前的努力集中在计算速度上，但任何经典系统都无法实现的确定且可证明的量子优势仍然遥不可及。

在这项工作中，研究组通过实现量子增强协议来学习高维物理过程，证明了可证明的光子量子优势。使用不完美的Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠，研究组实现了样本复杂度比没有纠缠的经典方法降低了11.8个数量级。这些结果表明，目前的光子技术可以实现大规模、可证明的量子优势，并代表了量子计量和机器学习中实用的量子增强学习协议的关键一步。

附：英文原文

Title: Quantum learning advantage on a scalable photonic platform

Author: Zheng-Hao Liu, Romain Brunel, Emil E. B. stergaard, Oscar Cordero, Senrui Chen, Yat Wong, Jens A. H. Nielsen, Axel B. Bregnsbo, Sisi Zhou, Hsin-Yuan Huang, Changhun Oh, Liang Jiang, John Preskill, Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen, Ulrik L. Andersen

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-25

Abstract: Recent advances in quantum technologies have demonstrated that quantum systems can outperform classical ones in specific tasks, a concept known as quantum advantage. Although previous efforts have focused on computational speedups, a definitive and provable quantum advantage that is unattainable by any classical system has remained elusive. In this work, we demonstrate a provable photonic quantum advantage by implementing a quantum-enhanced protocol for learning a high-dimensional physical process. Using imperfect Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entanglement, we achieve a sample complexity reduction of 11.8 orders of magnitude compared to classical methods without entanglement. These results show that large-scale, provable quantum advantage is achievable with current photonic technology and represent a key step toward practical quantum-enhanced learning protocols in quantum metrology and machine learning.

DOI: adv2560

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv2560