近日，美国明尼苏达大学Arpon Paul团队研究了热辅助隧道全息相变。这一研究成果于2025年9月23日发表在《高能物理》杂志上。

研究组构造了描述强耦合规范理论中限定相和受限相之间一阶相变的全息模型的热弹跳解。这种新的周期性欧几里得解表示通过热辅助隧道发生的转变，并在零温度下的O(4)对称真空泡和与经典热波动相关的高温O(3)对称临界泡之间插入。精确的热弹跳解决方案可以在低温下获得弹跳作用，从而可以更准确地确定真空衰减率，显着改善先前在全息模型中的估计。特别是，如果相变足够过冷，则可以获得从TeV尺度到10¹² GeV的临界温度下引力波信号强度的新预测，其中一些是在未来引力波探测器可以达到的范围内。

附：英文原文

Title: Holographic phase transitions via thermally-assisted tunneling

Author: Gherghetta, Tony, Paul, Arpon, Shkerin, Andrey

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-23

Abstract: We construct the thermal bounce solution in holographic models that describes first-order phase transitions between the deconfined and confined phases in strongly-coupled gauge theories. This new, periodic Euclidean solution represents transitions that occur via thermally-assisted tunneling and interpolates between the O(4)-symmetric vacuum bubble at zero temperature and the high temperature O(3)-symmetric critical bubble associated with classical thermal fluctuations. The exact thermal bounce solution can be used to obtain the bounce action at low temperatures which allows for a more accurate determination of vacuum decay rates, significantly improving previous estimates in holographic models. In particular, provided the phase transition is sufficiently supercooled, new predictions are obtained for the gravitational wave signal strength for critical temperatures ranging from the TeV scale up to 1012 GeV, some of which are within reach of future gravitational wave detectors.

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP09(2025)186

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP09(2025)186