近日，哈尔滨工业大学张乃庆团队报道了贫水凝胶电解质实现锌离子电池在-70°C下工作。该项研究成果发表在2025年9月23日出版的《德国应用化学》杂志上。

因其安全性、可靠性和可负担性，水性锌离子电池在电化学储能领域引起了越来越多的兴趣。然而，水的缺点包括寄生反应、电化学窗口窄、阴极降解等。水的冻结性质也对锌离子在零下温度下的运输和储存提出了挑战，特别是在低于40°C。

研究组设计了一种聚合物中的水电解质来限制水，这是一种由质子引发的弱溶剂化单体定向聚合技术。这种电解质策略显著抑制了水诱导的寄生反应，并将电化学窗口扩大到2.59 V。此外，得益于独特的快速离子传输通道和界面处优化的去溶剂化过程，该电解质在-70°C条件下实现了0.36 mS cm⁻¹的高离子电导率。

锌对称电池在室温条件（1 mA cm⁻²@1 mAh cm⁻²）下表现出超过10,000小时（437天）的优异循环稳定性，在-40°C条件（5.25 mA cm⁻²@5.25 mAh cm⁻²）下也能稳定运行700小时。由于抑制了H⁺嵌入反应，Zn||Zn_0.58V_2O5全电池在高载量和低温环境下展现出卓越的性能。该研究提出的电解质策略将为水系电池中水分子限域效应的研究开辟新的方向。

附：英文原文

Title: Lean-Water Gel Electrolyte Enables Zinc Ion Battery at −70 °C

Author: Zeping Liu, Yu Zhang, Meng Li, Haoran Li, Jiachi Zhang, Yu Zhao, Guangning Xu, Jie Hu, Tiesong Lin, Naiqing Zhang

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-23

Abstract: Aqueous zinc ion batteries are attracting growing interest in electrochemical energy storage due to safety, reliability, and affordability. However, water brings drawbacks including parasitic reactions, narrow electrochemical window, and cathode degradation. The freezing nature of water also challenges the zinc ion transport and storage at sub-zero temperatures, especially below 40 °C. Here, we design a water-in-polymer electrolyte to confine water using a weak-solvation monomer-directed polymerization technique initiated by protons. This electrolyte strategy significantly suppresses the water-induced parasitic reactions and widens the electrochemical window to 2.59 V. Besides, a high ionic conductivity of 0.36 mS cm1 is achieved at 70 °C benefiting from unique fast ion transport channel and favorable desolvation process at the interface. Symmetric Zn cells exhibit excellent cycle stability over 10 000 h (437 days) at room temperature (1 mA cm2@1 mAh cm2) and 700 h at 40 °C (5.25 mA cm[email protected] mAh cm2). Zn||Zn0.58V2O5 full cells show impressive performance under high mass loading and low temperatures originating from the suppression of H+ insertion. The electrolyte strategy in this work will inspire more efforts for water confinement in aqueous batteries.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202511520

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202511520