近日，浙江大学马庆旭团队揭示了长期氮磷肥对土壤固碳的促进作用。这一研究成果于2025年9月10日发表在《自然—地球科学》杂志上。
土壤有机碳对减缓气候变化和农业生态系统的可持续性至关重要，但其耗竭令人担忧，其对长期施肥的反应尚不清楚。
研究组利用世界上运行时间最长的连续冬小麦施肥试验——英国洛桑研究所的Broadbalk经典试验，以及14C标记、宏基因组学和代谢组学来确定180年的氮(N)和磷(P)施肥如何影响土壤有机碳动态。与不施肥相比，长期施磷肥、氮肥和NP配施分别使土壤有机碳含量提高10%、22%和28%。单独施用磷肥不成比例地增加了微生物呼吸（37%）和生物量（20%），限制了稳定碳的形成，略微增加了不稳定碳。
单独施氮增加微生物碳主题和坏死团块积累效率，增加矿物相关碳积累。NP配施增加了植物源碳输入和活性碳向稳定碳的转化，增加了土壤有机碳的数量和稳定性。施肥持续时间对土壤有机碳影响的荟萃分析显示，全球范围内施氮和施磷分别增加了21%和13%的农田土壤有机碳，在16年和34年后，这两种促进作用分别先下降后上升。总体而言，长期施用矿肥能有效增强土壤固碳能力。
附：英文原文
Title: Soil carbon sequestration enhanced by long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization
Author: Tang, Sheng, Pan, Wankun, Yang, Yuanhe, Luo, Zhongkui, Wanek, Wolfgang, Kuzyakov, Yakov, Marsden, Karina A., Liang, Guopeng, Chadwick, David R., Gregory, Andrew S., Wu, Lianghuan, Liang, Yongchao, Ma, Qingxu, Jones, Davey L.
Issue&Volume: 2025-09-10
Abstract: Soil organic carbon is crucial for climate mitigation and agroecosystem sustainability, yet its depletion is concerning and its response to long-term fertilization remains unclear. Here we leverage the Broadbalk Classical Experiment at Rothamsted (UK), the world’s longest-running continuous winter wheat fertilization trial, along with 14C labelling, metagenomics and metabolomics to determine how 180 years of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization impact soil organic carbon dynamics. Compared with no fertilization, long-term P, N and combined NP fertilization increased the soil organic carbon content by 10%, 22% and 28%, respectively. P application alone disproportionately increased microbial respiration (37%) and biomass (20%), limiting stable carbon formation and slightly increasing labile carbon. N application alone increased microbial carbon use and necromass accumulation efficiency, increasing mineral-associated carbon build-up. Combined NP fertilization enhanced plant-derived carbon inputs and the transformation of labile carbon into stable carbon, increasing soil organic carbon quantity and stability. A meta-analysis of the effects of fertilization duration on soil organic carbon revealed that N and P fertilization globally increased cropland soil organic carbon by 21% and 13%, and these promoting effects decreased before increasing after 16 and 34 years, respectively. Overall, long-term mineral fertilization can effectively enhance soil carbon sequestration.
DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01789-y
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01789-y