恩科非尼、西妥昔单抗和纳武单抗治疗微卫星稳定BRAFV600E转移性结直肠癌的1/2期试验，这一成果由胃肠内科肿瘤科Scott Kopetz团队经过不懈努力而取得。相关论文于2025年8月28日发表在《癌细胞》杂志上。

在这项1/2期研究（NCT04017650）中，26名MSS BRAFV600E mCRC患者接受了恩科非尼、西妥昔单抗和抗PD-1抗体纳武单抗，研究团队报告总缓解率为50%(95%置信区间[CI] 29-71)，中位无进展生存期为7.4个月（95% CI, 5.6-9.6）。预处理活检和从血浆中分离的细胞外囊泡RNA （evRNA）的转录组学分析显示，应答者的非典型有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号和免疫激活信号富集。补体通路激活在无应答活检中丰富。在连续的evRNA分析中，MAPK信号的减少和干扰素γ反应信号的增加与持续的治疗效果相关。具有基线MAPK激活和免疫激活特征的MSS BRAFV600E mCRC可能受益于三联疗法，但不受益于补体途径激活。

研究人员表示，BRAF抑制剂encorafenib和抗表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）抗体西妥昔单抗可适度提高微卫星稳定型（MSS） BRAFV600E转移性结直肠癌（mCRC）患者的生存率，其特征是比MSS BRAF野生型结直肠癌（CRC）具有更高的免疫激活。

附：英文原文

Title: Phase 1/2 trial of encorafenib, cetuximab, and nivolumab in microsatellite stable BRAFV600E metastatic colorectal cancer

Author: Van K. Morris, Christine M. Parseghian, Vahid Bahrambeigi, Nourhan Abdelfattah, Lianchun Xiao, Anjali Agrawal, Kangyu Lin, Kanwal P.S. Raghav, Robert A. Wolff, Arvind Dasari, Ryan W. Huey, Bryan K. Kee, Michael J. Overman, Jason A. Willis, Phat H. Le, Michelle Escano, Yunyu C. Baig, Kelsey Pan, David Menter, Alda L. Tam, Wai C. Foo, Li Shen, Hey Min Lee, Thomas D. Gallup, Cori Margain, Dave Gallup, Kimal I. Rajapakshe, Paola A. Guerrero, Jing Wang, Ryan B. Corcoran, Anirban Maitra, Kyuson Yun, Scott Kopetz

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-28

Abstract: The BRAF inhibitor encorafenib and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab modestly improve survival for patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) BRAFV600E metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), characterized by higher immune activation than MSS BRAFwild-type colorectal cancer (CRC). In this phase 1/2 study (NCT04017650) of 26 participants with MSS BRAFV600E mCRC who received encorafenib, cetuximab, and anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab, we report an overall response rate of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29–71) and median progression-free survival of 7.4 months (95% CI, 5.6–9.6). Transcriptomic profiling of pretreatment biopsies and extracellular vesicle RNA (evRNA) isolated from plasma show enrichment of non-canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and immune activation signatures for responders. Complement pathway activation enriches in non-responder biopsies. On serial evRNA profiling, decreased MAPK signature and increased interferon gamma response signature associate with sustained treatment benefit. MSS BRAFV600E mCRC with baseline MAPK activation and immune activation signatures may benefit from the triple combination but not with complement pathway activation.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.08.002

Source: https://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/abstract/S1535-6108(25)00340-X