近日，中国科学技术大学薛向辉团队研究了湍流光路上具有阿瓦灵敏度的宽带光子计数双梳光谱学。2025年8月27日，《光：科学与应用》杂志发表了这一成果。

光子计数双梳光谱学（DCS）为在以前受检测灵敏度限制的情况下部署DCS开辟了新的可能性。然而，不可避免的光路波动阻碍了其实际实现。

研究组提出了一种确保光子计数DCS长期稳定的方法，克服了湍流光路，实现了阿瓦级的检测灵敏度和快速的采集时间。使用紧凑的全纤维双梳系统，研究祖可以达到20nm横跨C波段的H¹³C¹⁴N宽带DCS，每梳线平均检测功率仅为4阿瓦。尽管在整个测量过程中存在明显的振动，但光谱保持梳线分辨率和短噪声限制的信噪比。

此外，该系统在开放路径测量中成功部署，克服了93分贝衰减。该方法可以在连续20小时的观察期内对CO₂、H₂O和HDO进行遥感。该方法突出了在测量、量子物理和大气传感等领域的应用潜力，特别是在野外可部署系统中的湍流环境（如露天或水中）。

附：英文原文

Title: Broadband photon-counting dual-comb spectroscopy with attowatt sensitivity over turbulent optical paths

Author: Zhong, Wei, Liu, Yingyu, Yin, Qin, Zhao, Ruocan, Wang, Chong, Ren, Wei, Dou, Xiankang, Xue, Xianghui

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-27

Abstract: Photon-counting dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) opens new possibilities for deploying DCS in scenarios previously constrained by limited detection sensitivity. However, inevitable optical path fluctuations hinder its practical implementation. Here, we propose a method to ensure the long-term stability of photon-counting DCS, overcoming turbulent optical paths, achieving attowatt-level detection sensitivity and quick acquisition times. Using a compact all-fiber dual-comb system, we achieve 20nm broadband DCS of H13C14N across the C-band with an average detected power of only 4 attowatts per-comb line. Despite significant vibrations throughout measurements, the spectra maintain comb-line resolution and shot-noise-limited signal-to-noise ratios. Additionally, the system demonstrates successful deployment in open-path measurements, overcoming 93dB attenuation. Our approach enables remote sensing of CO2, H2O, and HDO over a continuous 20-h observation period. This method highlights the potential for applications in fields such as metrology, quantum physics, and atmospheric sensing, especially in turbulent environments like open air or water, within a field-deployable system.

DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01934-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-025-01934-7